MANAKIN 531 
stated that the difference between it and the second is so apparent 
that he had no difficulty in distinguishing them on the wing. Capt. 
Hutton, on the other hand (Jdis, 1865, p. 283), considers all three 
to be specifically identical. Others, as appears by the Report on the 
Birds of the ‘Challenger’ voyage (pp. 148, 149), while regarding 
D. melanophrys as distinct, would seem to unite D. culminata with 
D. chlororhynchus. 'The first of these, says Gould, is the commonest 
species of Albatros inhabiting the Southern Ocean, and its gregarious 
habits and familiar disposition make it well known to every voyager 
to or from Australia, for it is equally common in the Atlantic and the 
Pacific. The back, wings and tail are of a blackish-grey, but all 
the rest of the plumage is white, except a dusky superciliary streak, 
whence its name of Black-browed Albatros, as also its scientific 
epithet, are taken. ‘The bill of the adult is of an ochreous-yellow, 
while that of the young is dark. This species (supposing it to be 
one) is said to breed on the Falkland Islands and on Tristan da 
Cunha, but the latter locality seems questionable, for, according to 
Carmichael (Trans. Linn. Soc. xii. p. 490), D. chlororhynchus is the 
bird of this group there found ; while the late Prof. Moseley (Notes 
of a Naturalist, p. 130) calls it D. culminata.t Whatever it may be, 
the excellent observer just named describes it as making a cylindrical 
nest of grass, sedge and clay, with a shallow basin atop and an over- 
hanging rim—the whole being about 14 inches in diameter and 10 
in height. The bird lays a single white egg, which is held ina 
sort of pouch formed by the skin of the abdomen, while she 
is incubating. A few other details are given by him, but his 
visit was too hurried to enable him to ascertain the more important 
and interesting points in the economy of this Albatros which were 
neglected by his predecessor, Carmichael, during his four months’ 
sojourn in 1816-17. JD. culminata is said by Gould to be more 
plentiful in the Australian seas than elsewhere, numbers coming 
under his notice between Launceston and Adelaide, and being also 
frequently observed by him between Sydney and the northern 
extremity of New Zealand, as well as in the same latitude of the 
Indian Ocean. He describes its bill as having the greyish-yellow 
ridge broad and flat, while that of D. chlororhynchus is laterally com- 
pressed and the ridge round. All these birds seem to have much 
the same habits. 
MANAKIN, from the Dutch word Manneken, applied to certain 
small birds, a name apparently introduced into English by Edwards 
(Nat. Hist. Birds, i. p. 21) in or about 1743, since which time it has 
been accepted generally, and is now used for those which form the 
1 Mr. Sclater with commendable caution assigns no specific name to the eggs 
of the Diomedea found breeding on this island and its neighbour (Report, ut 
supra, p. 151). 
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