MUSCULAR SYSTEM 607 
with the m. propatag. longus. Frequently one or more sesamoid 
bones are intercalated with these tendons, which shew the most 
complicated arrangement in the 7'ubinares. 
Garrod devoted much labour to the elucidation of these patagial 
muscles, regarding them as of taxonomic value. An obvious and 
MuscLes or Lerr Arm. Lateral View. (After Fiirbringer.) 
Fig. 1. Anas; 2, Columba; 3, Phenicophxes; 4, Upwpa; 5, Menura ; 6, Cyanocorax. 
D, m. deltoides major; D.pt. deltoid portion of m. propatagialis; L.d. m. latissimus dorsi 
(portion); Pt.b. and Pt.l. mm. propatagialis brevis and m. longus ; T, m. triceps. 
(The m., biceps with its slip to the m. propatagialis is black.) 
constant character is the presence or absence of a slip from the m. 
biceps to the tendon of the m. propatag. longus, and its value may 
be judged from the following lists :— 
Present—Gallinx (excl. Cracidx), Columbe, Limicole, Laridxe, Al- 
cidx, Rallidx, Grues, Tubinares, Colymbidex, Podicipedide, Phalacrocoraz, 
Plotus, Sula, Anseres, Phaenicopterus, Platalea, Caprimulgide, Colius. 
Absent—Ratitx, Tinamidxe, Turnices, Cracidx, Otis, Cariama, 
Spheniscidx, Phaethon, Fregata, Pelicanus, Palamedea, Herodii, Pelargi, 
Accipitres, Psittaci, Striges, Picarix (excl. Caprimulgidx), Steatornis, 
Pici, Passeres. 
M. metapatagialis, formed by slips from the m. serratus swper- 
ficialis and m. latissimus dorsi, and with the addition of the 
m. expansor secundariorum extending by its tendons the posterior 
patagium or fold of skin between the trunk and the inner surface 
of the upper arm. The serratus-portion comes from the ribs and is 
