656 ORGAN-BIRD—ORIOLE 
beautiful fruit.” He assigns to it also the name of Cashew-bird ; 
but it is not the CASHEW-BIRD of older authors. 
ORGAN-BIRD, the name in Tasmania for the species cf 
GYMNORHINA there found (Gould, Handb. B. Austral. i. p. 178). 
ORGANIST, the English rendering of the Organiste of Buffon 
(ist. Nat. Ois. iv. p. 290), though it may be questionable whether 
all the information he ates really refers to this species, which is the 
Pipra musica of Gmelin, and Huphonia musica of modern ornithology, 
an inhabitant of Hispaniola. Other congeneric species inhabit 
Jamaica, Porto Rico and some of the Lesser Antilles, though none 
is found in Cuba, while many more occur from Mexico throughout 
Central and most parts of South America. Mr. Sclater recognizes 
33 species in all (Cat. B. Br. Mus. xi. pp. 58-83). ; 
ORIOLE, from the Old French Oriol and that from the Latin 
aureolus, the name once applied, from its golden colouring, to the 
bird generally admitted to be the Vireo or IcTERUS (page 457) 
of classical authors—the Oriolus galbula of Linnzeus—but now 
commonly used in a much wider sense. The Golden Oriole, 
which is the type of the Family Oriolidz of modern ornithologists, 
is a far from uncommon spring-visitor to the British Islands ; 
but the conspicuous plumage of the male—bright yellow contrasted 
with black, chiefly on the wings and tail—always attracts atten- 
tion, and usually brings about its death. Yet a few instances are 
known in which it is supposed to have bred in England. The nest 
is a beautifully interwoven fabric, suspended under the horizontal 
fork of a bough, to both branches of which it is firmly attached, 
and the eggs are of a shining white sometimes tinged with pink, 
and sparsely spotted with dark purple. On the Continent it is a 
well-known though not an abundant bird, and its range in summer 
extends so far to the east as Irkutsk, while in winter it is found in 
Natal and Damaraland. In India it is replaced by a closely allied 
form, 0. kundoo, chiefly distinguishable by the male possessing a 
black streak behind as well as in front of the eye; and both in 
Asia and Africa are several other species more or less resembling 
O. galbula, but some depart considerably from that type, assuming 
a black head, or even a glowing crimson instead of the ordinary 
yellow colouring, while others again remain constant to the dingy 
type of plumage which characterizes the female of the more normal 
form. Among these last are the aberrant species of the group 
Mimetes or Mimeta, belonging to the Australian Region, respecting 
which Mr. Wallace pointed out the very curious facts—as yet only 
explicable on the theory of “unconscious Mimicry”—of which 
mention has already been made (pages 573, 574). The external 
similarity of the Mimeta and the Philemon or Tropidorhynchus (FRIAR- 
BIRD) of the island of Bouru is perfectly wonderful, and has again 
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