PELVIS—PENGUIN 703 
thus proving the former existence of the bird in England at no very 
distant period, and one of them being that of a young example 
points to its having been bred in this country. It is possible from 
their large size that they belonged to P. crispus. Ornithologists 
have been much divided in opinion as to the number of living species 
of the genus Pelecanus (cf. op. cit. 1868, p. 264; 1869, p. 571; 
1871, p. 631)—the estimate varying from six to ten or eleven; but 
the former is the number recognized by M. Dubois (Bull. Mus. Belg. 
1883). North America has one, P. erythrorhynchus, very similar to 
P. onocrotalus both in appearance and habits, but remarkable for a 
triangular, compressed, horny exerescence which is developed on the 
ridge of the male’s bill in the breeding-season, and, as ascertained 
by Mr. Ridgway (Ibis, 1869, p. 350), falls off without leaving trace 
of its existence when that is over (cf. MOULT, page 599). Australia 
has P. conspicillatus, easily distinguished by its black tail and wing- 
coverts. Of more marine habit are P. philippensis and P. fuscus, the . 
former having a wide range in Southern Asia, and, it is said, reaching 
Madagascar, and the latter being common on the coasts of the 
warmer parts of both North and South America.? 
PELVIS, that part of the trunk to which are attached the 
hind limbs, and consisting of a number of fused vertebrae, beside 
three coalescent portions on either side of the Median line—the 
In1uM, IscuruM and Os PuBIS (see SKELETON). 
PEN, said by Yarrell to be the technical name of the hen Mute 
SwAN, the cock being called Cos. 
PENELOPE, the generic name most inappropriately given by 
Merrem to the GUANS and occasionally used as English. 
PENGUIN, the name of a flightless sea-bird,? but, so far as is 
1 The genus Pelecanus as instituted by Linneus included the Cormorant and 
GANNET as well as the true Pelicans, and for a long while these and some other 
distinct groups, as the SNAKE-BIRDS, FRIGATE-BIRDS, and TROPIC-BIRDS, which 
have all the four toes of the foot connected by a web, were regarded as forming a 
single Family, Pelecanidxw ; but this name has now been restricted to the Pelicans 
only, though all are still usually associated under the name STEGANOPoDES. It 
may be necessary to state that there is no foundation for the venerable legend of 
the Pelican feeding her young with blood from her own breast, which has given 
her an important place in ecclesiastical heraldry, except that, as Mr. Bartlett has 
suggested (Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 146), the curious bloody secretion ejeeted 
from the mouth of the FLAMINGO may have given rise to the belief, through that 
bird having been mistaken for the ‘‘ Pelican of the wilderness.” 
2 Of the three derivations assigned to this name, the first is by Drayton in 
1613 (Polyolbion, Song 9), where it is said to be the Welsh pen gwyn, or “‘ white 
head” ; the second, which seems to meet with Littré’s approval, deduces it from 
the Latin pinguis (fat) ; the third supposes it to be a corruption of ‘‘pin-wing” 
{Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 4, iv. p. 133), meaning a bird that has undergone the 
operation of pinioning or, as in one part at least of England it is commonly callea 
