706 _ PENGUIN 
be effected. Incapable of escape by flight, they are yet able to 
make enough resistance or retaliation (for they bite hard when they 
get the chance) to excite the wrath of their murderers, and this only 
brings upon them greater destruction, so that the interest of nearly 
King-Pencuin. (From living example in the Zoological Gardens.) 
all the numerous accounts of these ‘“rookeries” is spoilt by the 
disgusting details of the brutal havoc perpetrated upon them (cf. 
JOHNNY). 
The Spheniscide have been divided into at least eight genera, 
but three, or at most four, seem to be all that are needed, and three 
can be well distinguished, as pointed out by Dr. Coues (Proc. Ac. N. 
Se. Philad. 1872, pp. 170-212), by anatomical as well as by external 
characters. They are (1) Aptenodytes, easily recognized by its long 
and thin bill, slightly decurved, from which Pygoscelis, as Prof. 
Watson has shewn, is hardly distinguishable ; (2) Hudyptes, in which 
the bill is much shorter and somewhat broad ; and (3) Spheniscus, in 
which the shortish bill is compressed and the maxilla ends in a 
conspicuous hook. Aptenodytes contains the largest species, among 
them those known as the “Emperor” and “King” Penguins, J. 
patagonica and A. longirostris+ Three others belong also to this 
1 Some authorities (cf Sclater, Zbis, 1888, pp. 325-334) prefer calling these 
species A. forsteri and A. pennanti. An example of the former, weighing 78 
pounds, was, according to Dr. M‘Cormick (Voyages of Discovery, i. p. 259), 
obtained by the ‘Terror’ in January 1842. 
