768 KAZOREILE 
Sea to Guatemala if not to Honduras, but is said hardly to be 
found of late years in the eastern part of the United States. In 
Africa its place is taken by three allied but well-differentiated 
species, two of which (Corvus umbrinus, readily distinguished by its 
brown neck, and C. affinis,! having its superior nasal bristles up- 
turned vertically) also occur in South-Western Asia, while the 
third (C. leptonyx or C. tingitanus, a smaller species characterized by 
several slight differences) inhabits Barbary and the Atlantic 
Islands. Further to the southward in the Ethiopian Region three 
more species appear, whose plumage is varied with white—(C. 
scapulatus, C. atbicollis and C. crassirostris—the first two of small 
size, but the last rivalling the real Raven in that respect. 
RAZORBILL or RAzoR-BILLED AUK, known also on many 
parts of the British coasts as the Marrot, Murre, Scout, Tinker, or 
Willock—names which it, however, shares with the GUILLEMOT, 
and to some extent with the PurriN—a common sea-bird of the 
Northern Atlantic,? but not having a very high northern range, 
resorting in vast numbers to certain stations on rocky cliffs for the 
purpose of breeding, and, its object being accomplished, returning 
to deeper waters for the rest of the year. It is the Alca torda of 
Linnzus*? and most modern authors, congeneric with the GARE- 
FOWL, if not the true Guillemots, between which two forms it is 
intermediate—differing from the former in its small size and in 
retaining the power of flight, which that had lost, and from the 
latter in its peculiarly-shaped bill, which is vertically enlarged, 
compressed and deeply furrowed, as well as in its elongated, 
wedge-shaped tail. A fine white line, running on each side from 
the base of the culmen to the eye, is in the adult bird in breeding- 
the name of Corvus carnivorus, C. cacolotl or C. principalis, of which there are 
several forms, and the myology of one, the Mexican C. sinwatus, is the subject 
of a volume by Dr. Shufeldt published in New York and London in 1890. 
1 Dr. Sharpe (Cat. B. Brit. Mus. ili. p. 45) separates C. affinis as form- 
ing a distinct genus Rhinocorax; but it is a hard task on any reasonable 
ground to break up the genus Corvus as long accepted by systematists. 
2 Schlegel (Mus. des Pays-Bas, Urinatores, p. 14) records an example from 
Japan ; but this must be an error. 
3 The word Alca is simply the Latinized form of this bird’s common Teutonic 
name, Alke, with which Auk is the English cognate term. It must therefore 
be held to be the type of the Linnean genus Alca, though some systematists 
on indefensible grounds have removed it thence, making it the sole member of 
a genus named by Leach, after Aldrovandus (Ornithologia, bk. xix. chap. xlix.), 
Utamania—an extraordinary word, that seems to have originated in some 
mistake from the equally mistaken Vuttamaria, given by Belon (Observations, 
livr. i. ch. xi. (as the Cretan name of some diving bird (which certainly could 
not have been the present species) and, as Mr. H. F. Tozer has kindly informed 
me, it should have been written Vutanaria, that being the proper transliteration 
of the Modern Greek Bourayapia, a diver—from Boutifw, mergo. 
