REDTAIL—REDWING 277 
allies the Redstart to the Stonre-CuHars, Praticola, and of late 
some authors have included it in that genus. In an opposite 
direction the BLUETHROATS, Cyanecula, are apparently nearer to the 
Redstarts than to any other type. By the ornithologist of toler- 
ably wide views the Redstarts and Bluethroats will be regarded 
as forming with the NIGHTINGALE, Redbreast, Hedge-Sparrow, 
Wheatear and Chats a single group of the “Family” Sylviidz, 
which has been usually called Sawicolinx, and is that which is most 
nearly allied to the THRUSHES. 
In America the name Redstart has been not unfittingly 
bestowed upon a bird which has some curious outward resem- 
blance, both in looks and manners, to that of the Old Country, 
though the two are in the opinion of some systematists nearly as 
widely separated from each other as truly Passerine birds well can 
be. The American Redstart is the Setophaga ruticilla of authors, 
belonging to the purely New-World Family Mniotiltidx, and to a 
genus which contains about a dozen species, ranging from Canada 
(in summer) to Bolivia. The wonderful likeness, coupled of course 
with many sharp distinctions, upon which it would be here impos- 
sible to dwell, between the birds of these two genera of perfectly 
distinct origin, is a matter that must compel every evolutionist to 
admit that we are as yet very far from penetrating the action of 
Creative Power, and that especially we are wholly ignorant of the 
causes which in some instances produce analogy. 
REDTAIL, in North America the Buteo borealis (BUZZARD). 
REDTHROAT, the name in Australia for the Pyrrholemus 
brunneus of Gould (Proc. Zool. Soc. 1840, p. 173; B. Austral. i. 
pl. 68), a little bird, akin to Acanthiza, whose habits are well 
described by Mr. North (Nests and Eggs of B. Austral. pp. 145, 
146). 
REDWING, Swedish Rédvinge, Danish Réddrossel, German Loth- 
drossel, Dutch Koperwiek, a species of THrusH, the Jurdus iliacus of 
authors, which is an abundant winter visitor to the British Islands, 
arriving in autumn generally about the same time as the FIELDFARE 
does. The bird has its common English name,' from the sides of 
1 Many old writers assert that this bird used to be known in England as the 
‘‘Swinepipe”; but except in books, this name does not seem to survive to the 
present day. ‘There is no reason, however, to doubt that it was once in vogue, 
and the only question is how it may have arisen. If it has not been corrupted 
from the German /Veindrossel or some other similar name, it may refer to the 
soft inward whistle whieh the bird often utters, resembling the sound of the 
pipe used by the swineherds of old when collecting the animals under their 
charge, whether in the wide stubbles or the thick beech-woods ; but another 
form of she word (which may, however, be erroneous) is ‘‘ Windpipe,” and this 
might lead to a conclusion very different, if indeed to any conclusion at all. 
