SCANSORES—SCA UP 815 
unknown, and the most plausible suggestions are that the word was 
a misprint for “Seamel” (ae. SeEA-MEw) or for “Stannel” (a 
KESTREL). 
SCANSORES, Illiger’s name in 1811 (Prodr. p. 194) for his 
First Order, made to contain 5 Families :—(1) Psittacini, with the 
genera Psittacus and Pezoporus; (2) Serrati, made up of Ramphastos, 
Pteroglossus, Pogonias, Corythaiz, Trogon and Musophaga; (3) Amphiboli, 
including Crotophaga, Scythrops, Bucco, Cuculus and Centropus; (4) 
Sagittilingues, formed by Iyna and Picus; and (5) Syndactyli, con- 
sisting of Galbula. 
SCAPULARS, a set of feathers on each side of a bird’s dorsal 
surface, so called as lying along the scapulx or shoulder-blades ; 
but by some writers termed Humerals, since they run across the 
humert. These feathers form part of the PARAPTERON of Illiger and 
Sundevall, and in some groups of birds are very conspicuous and 
characteristic. 
SCARF (Icel. Skarfr), otherwise SCART, a local name for a 
CORMORANT or SHAG. 
SCAUP, the wild-fowlers’ ordinary abridgment of ScAup-Duck, 
meaning a Duck so called “because she feeds upon Scaup, i.e. 
broken shel-fish,” as may be seen in Willughby’s 
Ornithology (p. 365); but it would be more 
proper to say that the name comes from the 
“‘Mussel-scaups,” or “ Mussel-scalps,’+ the beds 
of rock or sand on which mussels (Mytilus edulis, 
and other species) are aggregated —the Anas 
marila of Linneus and Nyroca or Fuligula maria 
of modern ornithology, a very abundant bird around the coasts of 
most parts of the northern hemisphere, repairing inland in spring for 
the purpose of reproduction, though so far as is positively known 
hardly but in northern districts, as Iceland, Lapland, Siberia and the 
fur-countries of America. It was many years ago believed (Edinb. 
N. Philos. Journ. xx. p. 293) to have been found breeding in Scotland, 
but assertions to that effect have not been wholly substantiated, 
though apparently corroborated by some later evidence (Proc. N. H. 
Soc. Glasg. ii. p. 121, and Proc. Phys. Soc. Edinb. vii. p. 203). The 
Scaup-Duck has considerable likeness to the PocHARD, both in 
habits and appearance; but it much more generally affects salt- 
water, and the head of the male is black, glossed with green, and 
hence the name of “ Black-head,” by which it is commonly known 
in North America, where, however, a second species or race, smaller 
than the ordinary one, is also found, the NV. or /. affinis. The 
Bitt oF Scaup-Duck. 
(After Swainson.) 
1 “Scalp” primarily signifies a shell; ¢f Old Dutch schelpe and Old Fr. 
escalope (Skeat, Etymol. Dictionary, p. 528). 
