994 TUI—TURKEY 
considered to be allied to the Laridx (GULL), but now regarded by 
the best authorities as having little to do with them. 
TUI, the common name in New Zealand for the PARSON- 
BIRD (p. 691). 
TURKEY,! an abbreviation for TURKEY-Cock or TURKEY-HEN 
as the case may be, a well-known, large, domestic, gallinaceous bird. 
How it came by this name has long been a matter of discussion, 
for it is certain that this valuable animal was introduced to Europe 
from the New World, and in its introduction had nothing to do 
with Turkey or with Turks, even in the old and extended sense in 
which that term was applied to all Mabometans. But it is almost 
as unquestionable that the name was originally applied to the bird 
which we know as the GUINEA-FOWL (p. 399), and there is no 
doubt that some authors in the 16th and 17th centuries curiously 
confounded these two species. As both birds became more common 
and better known, the distinction was gradually perceived, and the 
name “Turkey” clave to that from the New World—possibly because 
of its repeated call-note—to be syllabled turk, turk, turk, whereby 
it may be almost said to have named itself (cf. Notes and Queries, 
ser. 6, iii. pp. 23, 369). But even Linnzus could not clear himself 
of the confusion, and, possibly following Sibbald, unhappily mis- 
applied the name J/eleagris, undeniably belonging to the Guinea- 
Fowl, as the generic term for what we now know as the Turkey, 
adding thereto as its specific designation the word gallopavo, taken 
from the Gallopavus of Gesner, who, though not wholly free from 
error, was less mistaken than some of his contemporaries and even 
successors.” 
The Turkey, so far as we know, was first described by Oviedo 
in his Sumario de la Natural Historia de las Indias® (cap. xxxvi.), 
said to have been published in 1527. He, not unnaturally, 
includes both Curassows (p. 126) and Turkeys in one category, 
calling both ‘“ Pavos” (Peafowls); but he carefully distinguishes 
between them, pointing out among other things that though the 
latter make a wheel (hacen la rueda) of their tail, this was not so 
grand or so beautiful as that of the Spanish ‘“ Pavo,” and he gives 
a faithful though short description of the Turkey. The chief 
1 For Turkey-Buzzard see VULTURE. 
2 The French Cog and Poule d’ Inde (whence Dindon) involve no contradiction, 
looking to the general idea of what India then was. One of the earliest German 
names for the bird, Kalekuttisch Hiin (whence the Scandinavian Kalkon), must 
have arisen through some mistake at present inexplicable ; but this does not 
refer, as is generally supposed, to Calcutta, but to Calicut on the Malabar coast 
(cf. Notes and Queries, ser. 6, xX. p. 185). 
3 Purchas (Pilgrimes, iii. p. 995) in 1625 quoted both from this and from the 
same author's Hystoria General, said to have been published a few years later, 
I know Oviedo’s earlier work only by the reprint of 1852, 
