1052 WREN 
north-west, and is replaced further to the southward by YT. 
pacificus. Eastward of the Rocky Mountains, the form is 7. 
hyemalis—the well-known Winter-Wren of Canada and the United 
States. The number of species inhabiting North America is, how- 
ever, very considerable, though authorities are by no means 
agreed as to how many should be reckoned valid, and they have 
been segregated into six or seven genera. Here the House-Wren, 
T. domesticus or aedon, can alone be mentioned. It is a very 
common summer-visitant to most parts of the Eastern States, and 
where it occurs is of a very familiar disposition, entering into the 
closest relations with those that cultivate its acquaintance. It is 
represented in the West by 7. parkmanna. 
The Troglodytidx, regarded as a distinct Family, predominate in 
the New World (no fewer than 60 species being enumerated in the 
Nomenclator of Messrs. Sclater and Salvin as belonging to the Neo- 
tropical Region), and seem to have the Certhitd# (TREE-CREEPER, page 
986) for their nearest allies. To place them among the 7%melidz, 
as has been done (Cat. B. Br. Mus. vi. pp. 1 et segq.) is, as already 
observed (TIMELIA, page 963), preposterously unfitting, and to 
suppose them related to the Water-OUSEL (page 688) is absurd. 
The Troglodytidx, however, by no means contain all the birds to 
which the name “Wren” is applied. Several of the Sylvudex 
(WARBLER) bear it, especially the beautiful little Golden-crested 
Wren (KINGLET) and the group commonly known in Britain as 
“ Willow-Wrens ”—forming the genus Phylloscopus. Three of these 
are habitual summer-visitants, which differ much more in their 
manners than in their look. The largest, usually called the Wood- 
Wren, P. sibilatriz, is more abundant in the north than in the 
south of England, and chiefly frequents woods of oak or beech. 
It has a loud and very peculiar song, like the word twéé, sounded 
very long, and repeated several times in succession—at first slowly, 
but afterwards more quickly, and near the end accompanied by a 
peculiar quivering of the wings, while at uncertain intervals comes 
another note, which has been syllabled as chea, uttered about three 
times in succession. The Willow-Wren proper, P. trochilus, is in 
many parts of Great Britain the commonest summer-bird, and is 
the most generally dispersed. In spring its joyous burst of song 
is repeated time after time, until all around thrills with the loud 
and merry chorus, and yet never tires the ear. The restless but 
graceful activity of the bird, as it flits from twig to twig, adds to 
the charm of its appearance, which Hewitson so well appreciated.' 
The third species, P. collybita or minor (frequently but most 
wrongly called Sylvia rufa or P. rufus), commonly known as the 
CuirrcHarr, from the peculiarity of its constantly repeated two- 
noted cry, is very numerous in the southern and western part of 
1 It seems to be the ‘‘ Green Linnet”’ of Wordsworth’s poem, 
