ANTHUS RUFULUS. 323 



male will now and again rise up into the air vertically to a 

 height of about 40 feet, and give out notes similar to those 

 of the Meadow-Pipit. It breeds towards the end of July." 



In Nyasaland it is the commonest species of Pipit, for I 

 have met with it in nearly all the collections from Mounts 

 Zomba and Mlosa, the Nyika and Milanji plateaus in the 

 Shire highlands, and from west of the lake up to the 

 Tanjanyika plateau, at Buwa, Karonga and Songwe. To the 

 eastward it is probably " plentiful at Mosambique," as 

 Sperling remarks of a Pipit he calls A. campestris (Ibis, 1868, 

 p. 290). Along the coast in about 12° S. lat. Serpa Pinto 

 informs us that A. rufulus is called by the native on Ibo 

 island " Esse," and " Malanche " on the main land at 

 Quissango (otherwise spelt Kisango). Fischer found the 

 species generally distributed from Lindi, 10° S. lat., to Barawa, 

 1° N. lat. on the Somali coast. 



In Central Africa the species has been met with at Bukoba 

 on the western shores of Victoria Nyanza, and at Redjaf in 

 the Upper White Nile district. Mr. Jackson found these 

 Pipits very plentiful on the plains of Masailand, and equally 

 common on Manda Island where they were breeding in May, 

 and also collected specimens at Ntebi, Ravine, Mau and Nandi. 

 A nest he found at Ravine in May contained three eggs, and 

 was placed " in a tuft of grass, built entirely of dry grass, with 

 a lining of finer grass." At Nandi he remarks: "This is the 

 commonest Pipit in the country, and is found almost every- 

 where on the open grassy downs. It is a tame and confiding 

 bird, allows a near approach, and rarely flies far when dis- 

 turbed. It often settles on trees and bushes during the heat 

 of the day. It nests on the ground, under the shade of a 

 small bush or tuft of grass or other herbage. From Somali- 

 land there are four specimens in the British Museum ; Lord 

 Lovat collected six during his journey from Berbera to the 



