272 FINCHES, SPARROWS, ETC. 



and Finches are more arboreal. Many species take high rank as song- 

 sters, and some of our favorite cage-birds belong to this family. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES. 



I. Under parts with red. 

 II. Under parts with no red and without distinct streaks ; throat or breast 



sometimes with a patch or spot. 

 III. Under parts without red and witli numerous streaks. 



I. Under parts with red. 



A. Wing-coverts pUiinly tipped with white or whitish, or with a white 

 or yellow band in the wing. 



a. No red in the upper parts. 



o'. Back black, rump whitish, throat black, breast and under wing- 

 coverts rosy red . , . 595. Kose-breasted Grosbeak ( $ ad.). 



a2. Back and under parts streaked with black ; under wing-coverts 

 rosy red 595. Eose-breasted Grosbeak ( $ im.), 



b. Eed on upper parts confined to crown or forehead, and sometimes a 



tinge on the rump ; wing under 3'25. 

 b^. Kump and flanks generally without blackish streaks ; feathers 

 of back generally with whitish borders. 



527. (Treenland Kedpoll. 527ff. IIoary Redpoll. 

 b^. Rump and flanks always streaked ; feathers of back with little 

 if any white and generally with brownish borders. 



528. Redpoll and races. 

 b^. Back cinnamon-brown, unstreaked ; crown, nape, and sides of 

 the neck black; a yellow band in the wing. 



European Goldfinch. 



c. Red or pink spread more or less over entire upper parts; wing over 



3-25. 

 c^. Tips of mandibles crossed. 



522. White-winged Crossbill ( $ ad.). 

 c2. Bill stout ; mandibles not crossed . 615. Pine Grosbeak ( $ ad.). 



B. Wing-coverts not tipped with white. 



a. Throat black or blackish ; wings and tail red ; body red or olive. 



593. Cardinal. 



b. Throat and more or less of under parts red or greenish red. 



Ji. Plumage blood-red, brownish red, or greenish red ; tips of the 



mandibles crossed 521. Am. Crossbill $ . 



b^. Plumage dull reddish ; belly whitish ; back indistinctly streaked, 

 with bristly feathers over the nostrils. 



517."Pl'rple Finch {S ad.). 

 J3. Head blue ; back green ; rump red. 



001. Painted Bunting ( $ ad.). 

 n. Under parts with no red and ^vithout distinct streaks ; 

 throat or breast sometimes ivith a patch or spot. 

 1. Tail with white spots, bars, or patches. 

 A. Back plain, without streaks. 



