AUKS, MURRES, AND PUFFINS. 63 



similar in character. . . . Considerable force is exercised in diving, 

 and the wings are used for propulsion under water " (Saunders). 



31* Uria lomvia {Linn.). BrUnnich's Murre. Ad. in summer. — 

 Upper parts, wings, and tail sooty black, foreneck somewhat browner; tips of 

 secondaries, breast, and belly white ; base of the upper mandible greenish, 

 rounded outward beyond the edge of the lower mandible. L., 16-50 ; W., 

 8-40 ; Tar., 1-30 ; B., 1-25 ; depth of B. at nostrU, -47. 



Remarks. — Adults are to be distinguished from adults of XT. troile by the 

 dai-ker color of the head, which in lomvia is darker than the throat, by the 

 size of the bill and thickening of its cutting edge at the base. Winter and 

 immature birds can be distinguished from those of U. troile only by the size 

 of the bill, which, as the measurements sliow, is longer in that species. 



Range. — " Coasts and islands of the North Atlantic and eastern Arctic 

 Oceans" (A. 0. U.). Breeds from the Magdalen Islands northward; in win- 

 ter migrates as far south as New Jersey. 



Long Island, irregular W. V. Sing Sing, A. V. 



Nests in communities, side by side on the bare ledges of rocky cliffs. Egg^ 

 one, not distinguishable from that of IT. troile. 



" During the winter it lives on the open sea, and in the breeding 

 season assembles in large flocks on bold cliffs and rocky headlands. 

 It is an expert diver, using wings and feet to get under water and to 

 swim through it " (Chamberlain). 



32* Alca torda Linn. Eazor-billed Auk; Tinker. Ad. in sum- 

 mer. — Upper parts, wings, and tail sooty black ; foreneck somewhat browner ; 

 tips of the secondaries, a line from the eye to the bill, breast, and belly white ; 

 bill black, crossed by a white band. Ad. in winter. — Similar to ad. in the 

 summer, but with the sides and front of the neck white. Lm. — Similar to ad. 

 in winter, but with the bill smaller and without the white bar. L., 16-50 ; 

 W., 7-90 ; Tar., 1-35 ; B., 1-25. 



Range.— '•'• Coasts and islands of the North Atlantic" (A. 0. U.). Breeds 

 from the Magdalen Islands northward ; in winter migrates southward regu- 

 larly to Long Island and rarely to Virginia and North Carolina. 



Long Island, irregular W. V. 



Nest., in the crevices and fissures of cliffs and rocky places. Eggs., one to 

 two, pale bluish white or huffy, thickly spotted and speckled with chocolate 

 markings most numerous and sometimes confluent at the larger end, 3-00 x 1-90. 



" When brooding, it crouches along, not across, the ^^g, its mate 

 often standing near ; and both sexes incubate, though the male may 

 be seen bringing food to the sitting female. . . . The young flutter 

 from the rocks to the sea, or are taken by the neck and carried down 

 by the parents. They are at first very loath to follow the old bird in 

 diving, and remain crying plaintively on the surface of the water. 

 The food consists of small fish, which are carried diagonally in the bill 

 — not at right angles, as by the Puffin — and crustaceans. The Razor- 



