GULLS. 75 



to sixth primaries tipped with white, then banded with gradually diminishing 

 bars of black, which are succeeded by a whitish space, wliile the rest of the 

 feather is pearl-gray ; bill dark coral-red. Ad. in winter. — '•'• Similar, but head 

 and neck white, the occiput, with orbital and auricular regions, grayish diisky ; 

 bill and feet dusky, the former tipped with orange reddish." Young, first 

 plumage. — " Top and sides of the head (except forehead and lores), back and 

 scapulars grayish brown, the longer scapulars bordered terminally with pale 

 grayish buff; wing-coverts bluish gray tinged with grayish brown; seconda- 

 ries dusky, edged with pale grayish blue and broadly tipped with white ; pri- 

 maries dusky, the inner more plumbeous, all broadly tipped with white. 

 Central portion of the rump uniform light bluish gray ; lateral and posterior 

 portions of the rump, upper tail-coverts, entire lower parts, forehead, lores, and 

 eyelids white. Bill brownish, dusky terminally ; feet brown (in skin)." W., 

 11-25; B., 1-30; depth through nostrils, -35 ; Tar., 1-60 (B., B., and K.). 



Eange. — "Breeds from southern Minnesota and Dakota northward; win- 

 ters in the Southern States, and migrates principally west of the Mississippi 

 Kiver" (Cooke and Men-iam). Not found on the Atlantic coast. 



Nest.1 of grasses, etc., in reedy or bush-grown marshes. Eggs., one to three, 

 varying from dark chocolate to creamy brown and sooty white, in-cgularly 

 marked with small spots or large blotches of umber, and with obsolete lilac 

 shell markings, 2-12 x 1-40 (Preston). 



This inland species reaches our western limits. An excellent ac- 

 count of its habits, by J. W. Preston, will be found in the Ornitholo- 

 gist and Oologist, xi, pp. 54, 55. 



60. Larus Philadelphia ( OrnT). Bonaparte's Gull. Ad. in summer. 

 —Whole head and throat dark, sooty slate-color; nape and sides of the neck, 

 under parts, except throat, and tail white ; back and wings pearl-gray ; first 

 primary, seen from above, white, the outer web and tip black (Fig. 60, <?); 

 second and third primaries white, tipped with black ; third to sixth primaries 

 with small whitish tips, then large black spaces, the rest of the feather white 

 or pearl-gray ; bill black. Ad. in winter. — Similar to the preceding, but head 

 and throat Avhite, the back and sides of the head waslied with grayish. Im. 

 — Top of the head and nape and a spot on the auriculars more or less washed 

 with grayish; back varying from brownish gray'to pearl-gray; lesser wing- 

 coverts grayish brown, secondaries mostly pearl-gray ; first primary with the 

 outer web, tip, and most of the shaft part of the inner web black ; inner mar- 

 gin of the inner web at the end of the feather narrowly bordered with black ; 

 second and third primaries much the same, but with slightly more black at 

 the ends; tail white, banded with black and narrowly tipped with white; 

 under parts white. L., 14-00 ; W., 10-30 ; T., 4-00 ; B., 1-15. 



Range. — Breeds from Manitoba northward ; apparently no record of its 

 breeding on the Atlantic coast; winters southward to the Gulf of Mexico. 



Washington, common T. V., Mch. to May 5 ; Oct. and Nov. Long Island, 

 common T. V., a few winter, Oct. to Apl. Sing Sing, rather rare T. V., A pi. 

 and Oct. 



Nest., of sticks lined with grasses, etc., on stumps, in bushes or trees four 



