272 FINCHES, SPARROWS, ETC. 



and Finches are more arboreal. Many species take high rank as song- 

 sters, and some of our favorite cage-birds belong to this family. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES. 



I. Under parts witli red. 

 II. Under parts with no red and without distinct streaks ; throat or breast 



sometimes with a patch or spot. 

 III. Under parts without red and with numerous streaks. 



I. Under parts with red. 



A. Wing'-co verts plainly tipped with white or whitish, or with a white 



or yellow band in the wing. 



a. No red in the upper parts. 



a'. Back black, rump whitish, throat black, breast and under wing- 



coveits rosy red . . . 595. Rose-breasted Grosbeak ( 3 ad.). 



<22. Back and under parts streaked with black ; under wing-coverts 



rosy red 595. Eose-breasted Grosbeak ( $ im.). 



6. Red on upper parts confined to crown or forehead, and sometimes a 

 tinge on the rump ; wing under 3-25. 

 b^. Kump and flanks generally without blackish streaks; feathers 

 of back generally with whitish borders. 



527. Greenland Redpoll. 527a. Hoary Redpoll. 

 b^. Rump and flanks always streaked ; feathers of .back with little 

 if any white and generally with brownish borders. 



528. Redpoll and races. 

 b^. Back cinnamon-brown, unstreaked ; crown, nape, and sides of 

 the neck black; a yellow baud in the wing. 



European Goldfinch. 

 c. Red or pink spread more or less over entire upper parts; wing over 

 3-25. 

 (?i. Tips of mandibles crossed. 



522. White-winged Crossbill ( $ ad.). 

 (•2. Bill stout; mandibles not crossed . 515. Pine Grosbeak ( S ad.). 

 £. Wing-coverts not tipped with white. 



a. Throat black or blackish ; wings and tail red ; body red or olive. 



593. Cardinal. 



b. Throat and more or less of under parts red or greenish red. 



Ji. Plumage blood-red, brownish red, or greenish red ; tips of the 



mandibles crossed 521. Am. Crossbill S . 



b^. Plumage dull reddish ; belly whitish ; back indistinctly streaked, 

 with bristly feathers over the nostrils. 



517. Purple Finch ( $ ad.). 

 J3. Head blue ; back green ; rump red. 



601. Painted Bunting ( $ ad.). 



II. Under parts -with no red and without distinct streaks ; 



throat or breast sometimes -with a patch or spot* 

 1. Tail with white spots, bars, or patches. 

 A. Back plain, without streaks. 



