FINCHES, SPARROWS, ETC. 273 



a. Throat and breast black, brown, or slate-color, sharply defined 

 from the white belly. 



ai. Breast black or brown ; sides rufous .... 587. Towhee. 

 a^. Breast slate-color; sides the same, or brownish. 



567. JuNco. 567<?. Carolina Junco. 

 h. Throat and belly more or less yellow or ashy. 

 b^. Wing over 4-00 ; bill stout, greenish yellow. 



514. Evening Grosbeak. 

 b^. Bill small and sharp; back brown; throat yellowish. 



529. Goldfinch ( 9 and ira.). 

 J3. Body bright yellow, cap black . . 529. Goldfinch ( $ ad.). 

 c. Under parts pure white, middle of back black. 



534. Snowflake. 

 B. Back streaked with black, brown, or white. 



a. Bend of the wing yellow ; tail under 2-20. 



546. Grasshopper Sparrow. 



b. Breast black or blackish ; lesser wing-coverts reddish brown. 



5S9. McCown's Longspur i . 



c. Breast huffy ; belly whitish ; outer tail-feathers white, next three 

 or four more or less white with a black band at the end ; seconda- 

 ries not entirely white 539. McCown's Longspur 9 . 



d. Under parts entirely light brown or buffy, only two outer tail- 

 feathers white; no yellow on the bend of the wing. 



537. Smith's Longspur. 



e. Under parts pure white, with a blackish spot on the center of the 

 breast, a black stripe on the sides of the throat; sides of the 

 crown and ear-coverts chestnut .... 552. Lark Sparrow. 



/. Wing slightly over 4-00; under parts pure white or washed with 

 rusty ; head and rump white or rusty ; most of secondaries white. 



534. Snowflake. 

 Tail without large white spots or patches. 

 A. Back plain, without distinct streaks. 



a. Back blue, bluish, or brownish blue. 



«!. Wing over 3-00 ; lesser wing-coverts chestnut or with broad 

 chestnut tips • . . 597. Blue Grosbeak. 



a«. Wing under 3-00 ; lesser wing-coverts blue or bluish, tipped 

 with light brown 598. Indigo Bunting. 



b. Back green or greenish, or rump yellow or greenish yellow. 

 b^. Mandibles not crossed. 



62. Back greenish . 601. Painted Bunting 9 . 



63. Back and under parts slaty gray ; bill black. 



515. Pine Grosbeak ( 9 and im.). 

 b*. Forehead, rump, under parts, and scapulars yellow or brown- 

 ish yellow; secondaries white; bill yellow. 



514. Evening Grosbeak 3 . 

 c^. Mandibles crossed. 



fS. Wing-bars white .... 522. White-winged Crossbill. 



c3. Without white wing-bars 521. Am. Crossbill. 



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