ARCHEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS IN MISSOURI 47 



is evidence tliat some use was made of fish; and other than the object 

 in question, possible fishing devices appear to be absent from the site 

 inventory. 



From various pits came fragments of slender highly polished 

 needles. There are several tips, usually somewhat blunt as compared 

 with the awl tips. In cross section, the needles are flattened ellip- 

 tical, and they average about 5 mm. in width (pi. 10, I). Since none 

 is complete their original length, as well as the presence or absence of 

 an eye, is uncertain. 



A much larger and differently made needle is shown in plate 10, e. 

 It is of mammal rib, with the convex surface showing the cancellous 

 tissue of the interior of the bone. The upper surface is well polished 

 and the edges are rounding and even. As illustrated, it measures 30 

 cm. by 1.1 cm., tapering slightly at the butt to 9 mm. ; an unknown 

 portion, including the tip, is missing. A small biconic perforation 31 

 mm. from the squared end shows faint traces of wear on the side 

 nearest the butt, such as might result from a thong or cord through 

 the hole. The entire specimen is smooth and well worn and has evi- 

 dently been much used. A terminal but unperforated fragment of 

 similar nature, also of split rib, 54 by 12 mm., from Sq. 95E6, depth 

 20 inches, is probably from another of these long thin needles. 



Perforating tools or punches for heavy work were occasionally 

 made from the ulna of the deer (pi. 10, /) or by whittling coarse 

 points on fragments of heavy mammal bone. One complete ulna 

 punch was recovered, and the tip of a second ; both are scratched and 

 polished from use. The complete specimen shows no indication of 

 attempts at working down the olecranon process, which in its natural 

 state provides an excellent handle. 



Large daggers, skewers, or hair ornaments are absent in our series, 

 but it is quite possible that they were known to the inhabitants of the 

 village. From Sq. 95E8, depth 9-18 inches, came the well-worked 

 distal end of a large split cannon bone, probably elk. Only a small 

 fraction of the split shaft remains, but this too is carefully finished. 

 It suggests an implement much larger and heavier than any of the 

 awls described. 



In plate 10, tZ, is illustrated a short heavy sewing {?) implement 

 or bodkin from pit 29. The point is wide, flat, and thin ; the butt is 

 cut square across and is curved transversely. Nineteen mm. from the 

 butt is a biconic perforation 3 mm. in diameter; the latter shows 

 no worn or cord-polished grooves. The entire specimen is well 

 sjiioothed but not polished, and the tip shows most marked signs of 

 use. 



Hide scrapers of bone were of two types. The usual form was the 

 beamer or dehairing tool made from the metapodial of the deer. No 

 whole specimens were recovered, but seven fragments clearly indicate 



