48 BULLETIN 183, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



the type (pi. 10, «, h). It is evident that in each case the ends of the 

 bone were left unaltered, while two concave scraping edges were 

 obtained by splitting out a portion of the shaft or diaphysis from 

 the posterior surface. In use these implements were grasped at both 

 ends and operated after the manner of a drawshave. Long-continued 

 service, besides imparting a high polish to the working edges, eventu- 

 ally wore the bone so thin that it broke and was discarded. All our 

 specimens were fractured at or near the middle where the bone was 

 thinnest and where, owing to the manner of use, the strain was great- 

 est. All have well-polished and worn edges. Six retain the distal 

 end, one the proximal. The fragments, including one each from pits 

 26 and 32, are from 10.1 to 16.7 cm. long. 



The second type of scraper was made from the ilium of the deer. 

 There are two of these, one from pit 16, the other found during 

 laboratory examination of the bone refuse. Neither is complete, and 

 their exact size or form originally are uncertain. Each has a well- 

 worn scraping edge along the ventral surface opposite the acetabulum ; 

 fine striae suggest that the edge was first ground down with sandstone. 

 The specimen from pit 16 (pi. 10, p, scraping edge turned up), which 

 shows the greater wear, has had the original surface of the bone ground 

 or worn away until the very minute channels within have been par- 

 tially exposed, though not the cancellous tissue itself. The signs of 

 use on these two pieces are not duplicated on the deer pelves in the 

 mammalogical collections of the Museum. 



Nonutilitarian objects were also fashioned from bone but were much 

 less abundant than other forms. Of particular interest are two nearly 

 identical pieces evidently intended to represent the large canine teeth 

 of the bear (pi. 10, 7?i, n) . Both were made from heavy solid mammal 

 bone, presumably cut into shape and finished off by grinding and 

 polishing. The larger is slightly curved transversely, and the concave 

 surface still shows slight traces of the inner cellular bone structure. 

 The smaller is flat and smoothed over the entire surface. They are 

 well smoothed, especial care having been taken in finishing off the 

 curving tip corresponding, in nature, to the exposed crown of the 

 tooth. Each is carefully perforated for stringing or suspension ; the 

 boles are 38 mm. and 35 mm., respectively, from the upper or "root" 

 end. There are no lines or other markings, ornamental or otherwise, 

 on either specimen. They were found about 5 feet apart, the larger 

 24 inches underground in or above pit 18, the smaller 14 inches deep 

 and just outside northeast of pit 20. Possibly they were a matched 

 pair when in use. 



From the northwest part of the diggings in Sq. 140W4, came a care- 

 fully dressed deer toe bone (pi. 11, I). The proximal end has been 

 neatly trimmed off; the distal end has been ground down and deeply 

 notched. The notch, evidently cut or sawed in with a thin flint flake, 



