194 BULLETIN 183, UNITED STATES NATIONAL ISIUSiEUM 



bison seem to have been relatively more important than the cervids. 

 Such differences, insofar as they reflect environmental factors, are 

 expectable. 



Aside from their subsistence economy, the Kenner people had 

 little in common with the horticultural Central Plains groups named 

 above. They apparently lacked the earthlodge house type, which 

 in historic times became virtually a hallmark of the settled farming 

 peoples in the central Great Plains, and which is now known to have 

 a long earlier record in the region. Such further items as plano- 

 convex end scrapers, ulna punches or awls, antler cylinders with 

 cut or polished ends, unpaired sandstone abraders, straight and 

 expanded base drill points, chipped celt or adz blades, hammerstones, 

 pecking stones, hematite, and Dakota sandstone occur repeatedly 

 among virtually all the sedentary plains groups as well as at the 

 Renner site. Pumice, undoubtedly collected as flotage on the Mis- 

 souri River, is less common but has been found in sites of all periods 

 near the stream. 



Of more restricted distribution are certain eastern artifact types 

 at Renner that have been recorded but sparingly from the central 

 Great Plains. These include the socketed conical antler arrowpoints, 

 heavy stemmed or corner-notched chert points, %-grooved ground ax, 

 ground celts, large eyed needles of split rib (the so-called mat- weav- 

 ing type) , bone beamers, and longitudinally pierced deer phalanges. 

 Antler arrowpoints virtually identical with those at Renner, even 

 to the single basal tang, have been found at the Famiing, Kans. 

 (Oneota), site (Wedel, unpublished field notes, 1937). Specimens 

 lacking the tang have come from the Leary (Oneota) site in Rich- 

 ardson County, Nebr. (Hill and Wedel, 1936, p. 58), and from mound 

 17 at the Tobias site in Rice County, Kans. (Wedel, 1942). The 

 Tobias site is assigned to the Paint Creek horizon, provisionally 

 identified as protohistoric Wichita. Socketed points with square 

 instead of circular base were recovered at the Wright Pawnee site 

 near Genoa, Nebr. (Hill and Wedel, 1936, p. 58). All these occur- 

 rences involve sites and horizons of protohistoric age; except at 

 the Leary site the antler points were associated with glass beads and 

 metal clearly indicating European contacts. I have no record of 

 such objects from prehistoric sites in Nebraska or Kansas. 



The large-stemmed chert projectile points characteristic of the 

 Renner site have no counterpart in the trait inventory of other sites 

 so far described in the Central Plains. Specimens have been found, 

 hovrever, on the surface in widely scattered districts, often a^^sociated 

 with thick cord-roughened potsherds. They have been tentatively 

 assigned to a Yv^oodland horizon, which, because of the unpromising 

 nature of the sites and the often considerable overburden, has not 



