ARCHEOLOGICAL I]SrVESa?IGATrONS EST MISSOURI 203 



significance" (Moorehead, 1922b, p. 165; cf. Shetrone, 1926, p. 203). 

 At Mound City, Mills (1922, p. 331) reported "a variety of pottery 

 ware not differing greatly from the usual rather heavy ware of the 

 lower cultures and serving utility purposes . . . [which] has been 

 found in practically all the mounds of the culture examined . . ." 



The "ceremonial" ware is too well known to require detailed descrip- 

 rion here. Generally speaking, it is a well-made carefully finished 

 hard pottery characterized by use of grit tempering, alternate-area 

 decoration involving plain and rouletted (or rocker-impressed) zones, 

 conventionalized bird motifs, square or "lobed" vessels, flat or tetra- 

 podal bases, and a smoothed neck set off from a cross-hatched or rocker- 

 marked rim by a row of punctates. Of the above features the only 

 ones lacking at Renner are bird motifs and flat or tetrapodal bases. 

 The "ceremonial" vessels from Ohio sites are mostly of small or medium 

 size, which is also true of the better-grade ware at Renner. It should 

 be noted, however, that the highly cliaracteristic cross-hatched Hope- 

 well type of rim occurs at Renner on both very large amphorae and 

 on small jars. Bowls are indicated at Turner (Willoughby and 

 Hooton, 1922, pi. 22, «, c) but both figured forms have everted lips 

 instead of the incurving walls found on specimens at Renner. 



On the basis of our limited sample, the cord-roughened "utility" 

 ware is proportionately much scarcer at Renner than at Turner or 

 Seip No. 1; for other Ohio Hopewell sites there are apparently no 

 published figures on this point. The better-made tastefully orna- 

 mented "ceremonial" pottery that has come to be widely regarded as 

 the earmark of the Hopewell horizon is also present at Renner but in 

 somewhat less elaborate form and in relatively limited quantity. 

 Much more common than either is the roughly made ware with large 

 coarsely tempered amphorae of Woodland form with cross-hatched 

 rims and rocker-marked body. This appears to be more or less dis- 

 tinct from anything currently recognized in either Ohio or southern 

 Hopewell sites. 



Aside from pottery the Renner site shares with Hopewell, Turner, 

 and Seip No. 1 the following items: Heavy-stemmed or notched chert 

 projectile points, flint flake Imives, perforated bone needles, diorite 

 celts, copper celt blades (one small specimen only at Renner), and 

 possibly the use of obsidian. A large three-quarter-grooved ax found 

 by Shetrone (1926, p. 197) in mound 17 of the Hopewell group is re- 

 garded by him as atypical and not a part of the Hopewellian complex. 

 The funnel-shaped clay and stone objects at Renner are strikingly 

 similar to two specimens from the Hopewell group. Moorehead 

 {1922b, p. 136 and fig. 30) illustrates a "highly polished hollow object 

 of slate [which] suggests a growing horn." This was taken from 

 altar 2, mound 25, and if shown full size would seem to be nearly 



