204 BULLETIN 18 3, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



identical in proportions, form, and appearance with the pottery speci- 

 men from pit 12 at Renner. Shetrone (1926, p, 272 and fig. 129) de- 

 scribes another made of yellowish crystal quartz which "in form is 

 somewhat funnel shaped, unperforated." This was from offering No. 

 2 in mound 17. Other than these two pieces from the Hopewell 

 mounds, I have found no record of similar forms from northern 

 Hopewell sites. 



From the Turner site came a number of modeled clay figurines,, 

 which, except for their better technique and anthropomorphic form, 

 are reminiscent of the pottery birds at Renner. Fragments of what 

 may be crude human effigies have been found at the Trowbridge site 

 in Wyandotte County, Kans. (see above, p. 100), and it is barely pos- 

 sible that further excavations would reveal their presence at Renner. 



Imitation bear teeth of bone or antler have been reported from 

 Hopewell, Turner, and Tremper. With burial 278 in mound 25 of 

 the Hopewell group, Moorehead (1922b, p. 157 and fig. 58) found an 

 imitation tooth made of deer antler drilled for suspension and also 

 for a pearl inset. Shetrone (1926, p. 237 and fig. 86) recovered several 

 similar but biperforate pieces from burial 41 in mound 25. The 

 Tremper specimen, of antler, is also described as biperforate (Mills,. 

 1916, p. 227 and fig. 120). Willoughby (1922, p. 55) merely mentions 

 one or two artificial bear canines from Turner. 



The large, chipped blades found at Hopewell (Moorehead, 1922b, 

 p. 218) and at Turner (Willoughby and Hooton, 1922), as at other 

 Hopewellian sites, show no particularly close similarity in form or 

 technique to the single large blade from the Renner village site. 



Aside from ceramic resemblance^ the items enumerated above as 

 occurring both in Ohio Hopewell sites and at Renner do not consti- 

 tute a very impressive group. They include several elements not to 

 be found in any published list of Hopewell determinants. On the 

 other hand, the imitation bear teeth and cone-shaped stone objects, 

 together with flake knives, are so close to forms found predominantly 

 or exclusiveljr at Hopewell sites that some sort of direct relationship 

 or contact is suggested. 



Similarities are to be seen between the Renner complex and the 

 recently defined Marksville horizon in Louisiana. These, as in the 

 case of the northern Hopewell materials, concern chiefly pottery traits. 

 Few details on the artifacts are available for the Marksville site itself 

 (Fowke, 1928, pp. 410-434; Setzler, 1933, 1934), but the closely related 

 Crooks burial mound site (Ford and Willey, 1940) presumably 

 carries essentially the same artifact complex. 



Of the several pottery wares found at Crooks, only the so-called 

 Marksville Stamped (Ford and Willey, 1940, p. 65) can be considered 

 comparable to any of the materials at Renner. Marksville Stamped, 



