ARCHEOLOtil^AL INVESfFKJATIONS IN MISSOURI 



253 



can be duplicated over a considerable area in the Southeast, as indi- 

 cated in the following comparisons : 



In general it seems likely that such a narrow frontal diameter 

 occurs in groups that are long-headed and of small build (small cra- 

 nial module). Other eastern groups, although nearly as long-headed^ 

 are inclined to be of more massive build. 



A further gauge of frontal narrowness is supplied by the frontal 

 index (minimimi frontal diameter/frontal chord X 100). I have 

 used this means of comparison because so many of the Kansas City 

 specimens were fragmentary and limited to the frontal bone or skull 

 cap. Accordingly, we get an average for the combined sexes in the 

 Kansas City series of 79.4 (15: range 72.1-88.4), which compares to 

 82.2 (22: range 73.7-90.7) for the Turner primary series. In order 

 to supply other comparative data I have measured 20 Algonkian 

 crania from the Potomac tidewater area, and 20 miscellaneous Siouan 

 crania. These two groups give the followuig results^ respectively : 

 83.0 (76.2-91.2), 85.7 (76.1-92.5). Since the Algonkians are nearly 

 as long-headed as the Hopewellians and the Sioux are more round- 

 headed, the al)ove frontal indices seem merely to reflect this difference 

 in cranial form. 



The face has been preserved in but few cases among the Hope- 

 wellians. The scanty data on the face show opposite conditions 

 between the Missouri and Ohio Hopewellians; namely, an absolutely 

 and relatively low face in the former and a high face in the latter. 

 In this respect the Missouri group approaches the Southern Shell 

 mound gi'oups (cf. Collins, 1941, table 1). 



The .shape of the orbits is somewhat confusing, owing to the fact 

 that Hooton and his students measure orbital breadth to dacryon, 

 whereas I follow Hrdlioka's custom in using lacrymale. My results 

 thus tend to give a slightly higher index. Viewed in this light it 

 would seem that the Missouri and Ohio Hopewellians have rather 

 low orbits like those of the Alabama Shell mound crania. 



Nasal height in the Missouri Hopewellians parallels face height 

 and tends to be ab.solutely and relatively low as compared to the 



