258 BULLETIN 183, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



is the fact tliat the porion-bregma height is essentially the same in 

 the Steecl-Kisker and Kansas City mound series. 



The Wallace mound crania from Nebraska (Poynter, 1915), are 

 rather high-headed (2G: average mean height index 89.5) and in tliis 

 respect agree with the series from Roger's Island and "Spoon Kiver." 



Cranial module appears to be much the same in all the series, both 

 Middle Mississippi and Hopewellian. Unfortunately, this measure 

 is available in only one case for the Steed-Kisker series. Usually, how- 

 ever, the IMiddle Mississippi skulls appear to be more massive than 

 those of the Hopewellians, 



The frontal chord has been tak.^n only on the Steed-Kisker series 

 of the Middle Mississippi peoples, but the minimum frontal diameter 

 is available for all the groups. Both of these measures shuw a slightly 

 greater average than for the Hopewellians. Because both of these 

 measures are proportionately greater in the Steed-Kisker series, the 

 lesulting frontal index is very little different from that of the 

 Hopewellians. 



Face height is perhaps not quite so variable in the Middle Missis- 

 sippi groups as among the Hopewellians. Indicially, too, there is con- 

 siderable uniformity and no marked difference from the Hopewellians, 

 although an absolutely and relatively broader face might be expected 

 in (lie Middle Mississippi groups on account of their broader heads. 



Orbital height is much the same in the Middle Mississippi and Hope- 

 wellian groups. Discounting differences in the technique of taking 

 orbital breadth, much the same average measure occurs in all tlie 

 groups. Thus, a similar rather low index is to be found throughout. 



A similar condition appears in the nose measurements, although the 

 breadth may be slightly greater among the Middle Mississippi peoples. 



The measurements of the upper alveolus indicate that this structure 

 is both larger and broader in the Middle Mississippi peoples than 

 in the Hopewellians. The broader alveolus probably correlates with 

 the broader head. 



SKELETONS 



MOUND SERIES (HOPEWELLIAN) 



Relatively few postcranial bones were recovered, and these are large- 

 ly fragmentary. Like the skulls from the stone vaults, the long-bones 

 also show many rodent tooth marks. More specifically, there are 10 

 humeri, 7 femora, and 8 tibiae in which these marks are especially evi- 

 dent. As usual the tooth marks are restricted to borders and ridges. 



Pathology. — A considerable number of pathological long-bones are 

 included in the collection, and at least six of the mounds are thus rep- 

 resented. The most commonly and extensively affected bone is the 

 tibia, of which 7 right and 4 left are present. Other involved bones 

 include one right humerus, 2 right and 1 left ulnae, one right femur, 



