ARCHEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATTOlSrS IN ]VIISSOURI 259 



and several fragments of fibulae. The pathological condition hero 

 represented is probably syphilis. 



Hooton (1922, p. 129) noted in his description of the Turner series 

 that "the tibiae of one female are 'boomerang'-shaped. and show in- 

 flammatory thickening in the middle portions of the shafts. Similar 

 inflammatory thickenings occur in the middle portions of the shafts 

 of two other pairs of female tibiae." Williams (1932, pp. 959-962) 

 has published pictures and a description of a pair of tibiae from 

 burial 4 of Hopewell (Ohio) mound 2; he regards these as being 

 affected by syphilis. Furthermore, there is evidence of the same con- 

 dition at the Veazey mound in Louisiana (Collins, 1941, p. 146). 

 Thus this disease condition is well represented in the Hopewellian 

 skeletal remains so far recovered. 



Measurements. — The long-bones sufficiently complete for measure- 

 ment are limited to 4 femora (1 male, 3 female), 5 tibiae (1 male, 

 4 female), 4 humeri (2 male, 2 female), and 1 clavicle (male). Indi- 

 vidual measurements are given in tables 19 and 20. 



Very little can be said about the few femoral measurements except 

 that the lengths are shorter, the subtrochanteric region is flattei and 

 the midshaft is rounder, as compared with the averages for the Turner 

 series (cf. Hooton, 1922, pp. 125-128). The male range of bicondylar 

 length in the Turner series is 41.3-^6.1 cm., so our lone male, which 

 just comes within the lower extreme of this range, may be well below 

 the average size of the group. Computing stature from these figures 

 with the aid of Manouvrier's tables (Hrdlicka, 1939, pp. 174-175), we 

 get 160 cm. for the male and 156-157 cm. for the females. 



Third trochanters of considerable size (medium to large) were seen 

 in 5 (3 right, and 2 left) out of 17 cases. The gluteal ridge tends 

 generally to be well developed. In analyzing the condition of the 

 third trochanter in the Turner series, Hooton says (1922, p. 128) : 

 "The third trochanter in some form appears in all of the males, and 

 4 of 6 females." 



In general, all that can be said of the few tibial measurements is 

 that length is greater, and shape of shaft rounder, than in the Turner 

 series (cf. Hooton, 1922, p. 128). Stature may be estimated at 173 

 cm. for the male and 161-163 cm. for the females. 



Unfortunately, no comparative data on the humerus are available 

 for the other Hope wel Hans. The lengths of the humeri in the present 

 series give the following stature ranges: Male, 155-174; female, 157- 

 161 cm. 



Septal apertures of the humerus appear to be quite common and 

 tend to large size (right — 16: 8 absent, 2 small, 2 medium, 4 large; 

 left — 9 : 3 absent, 1 small, 2 medium, 3 large). 



The single whole right clavicle present measures 14.8 cm. in maxi- 

 mum length and is judged to be male. 



