ARCHEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS IN MISSOURI 261 



parison with the Madisonville series (table 21) . Except for the inchi- 

 sion of one tall individual in the Steed-Kisker series, the ranges of this 

 series generally fall within those of Madisonville. The chief diver- 

 gence of the two groups is in the minimum diameter of the upper 

 flattening, where the Madisonville series exceeds that of Steed-Kisker. 

 In this case I suspect a difference in the technique of measurement. 



Hooton (1920, p. 122) has computed average stature from the Madi- 

 sonville male femora as a little less than 1C7 cm., and from the female 

 femora as about 155 cm. Because of the inclusion of taller individuals 

 among both sexes of the Steed-Kisker series, stature here exceeds 167 

 cm. in the males and exceeds 157 cm. in the females. Thus the males 

 at least somewhat exceed the figure arrived at for stature in the Kansas 

 City mound series. 



Third trochanters were observed in 6 femora (4 large, 2 small) of 

 the Steed-Kisker collection, but the bones are in such poor condition 

 that more detailed observations on this feature are not justified. Of 

 the Madisonville femora Hooton says in this connection (1920, p. 125) 

 that "the third trochanter occurs as a rounded tuberosity in 10.6 per 

 cent of males and in 12.5 per cent of females." This appears to be 

 fairly comparable. 



All that can be said of the tibia and humerus is that the individual 

 measurements fall within the ranges of the Madisonville series. Of 4 

 distal ends of humeri present none shows a septal aperture. This is 

 in line with Hooton's finding for Madisonville (1920, p. 129) : 22 

 percent of 96 bones of both sexes. According to Hrdlicka's survey 

 (1932, p. 36), such a figure is very low for American Indians. 



The single left radius present has a maximum length of 25.2 cm., 

 which exceeds the male average for Madisonville (24.2 cm.). 



SUMMARY 

 The two skeletal series from near Kansas City, Mo., differing in 

 culture and probably also somewhat in age, have been shown to be 

 markedly different also in morphological details. In brief, the Mound 

 series, which seems to be the older, is lighter in build, longer headed 

 and less commonly affected by occipital deformity, probably higher 

 headed (relatively), and has a much more pronounced transverse 

 frontal curvature. Unfortunately, the face has been poorly preserved 

 in both series, but the longheaded mound peoples, or Hopewellians^ 

 seem to have inclined to relatively long and narrow faces, whereas 

 the Steed-Kisker Middle Mississippians seem to have been broader 

 faced. The teeth of the Hopewellians, too, are characterized by 

 extreme wear and few caries, as compared to little wear and many 

 caries in the Middle ^Mississippi group. Average stature may not 

 have been very different, but possibly favored the generally more 

 massive Steed-Kisker people. Both groups seem to have been afflicted 

 with syphilis. 



