36 AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 



anywhere on the upland, though we found plenty of others. 

 Except for Culex salinarius, the adults from these marsh wrig- 

 glers were found miles inland, infernal nuisances, where locals 

 were almost or entirely absent. 



In 1903, with additional funds, I had six men in the field and 

 the voluntary assistance of Mr. Brakeley. Dr. Julius Nelson, 

 Professor of Biology, engaged in oyster work along the shore, 

 was also good enough to make certain observations for me, and 

 the result was a complete demonstration of the migratory habits 

 of Ciilex sollicitans, C. cantator and C. tceniorhynchus. The ob- 

 servations made during the early season of 1904, with fuller 

 knowledge of the factors, were equally conclusive. The develop- 

 ment of the broods on the Newark and Raritan marshes was 

 watched almost from day to day. Before the larvse matured, 

 careful search was made for several miles back and along the first 

 ridge of the Orange Mountains to make certain of what was 

 developing there. The appearance of the adults was noted on 

 the meadows, before a single specimen was seen in Newark. 

 They w^ere watched for a day or two slowly advancing until, a 

 favorable night happening, the ever-increasing swarms arose and 

 next morning had settled along the first ridge of the mountains. 

 The second brood, maturing during the last days of June, was 

 watched in the same way, and the early days of July, 1903, 

 brought inland the greatest swarm of mosquitoes I have ever seen. 

 They reached New Brunswick July 2d, and included the three 

 species, sollicitans, cantator and tceniorhynchus. Meanwhile, Mr. 

 Viereck was observing at Cape May, and watched the peninsula 

 filling with sollicitans bred at the shore ; not a larva of which he 

 could find where the adults swarmed. He noted that after a con- 

 tinuous south wind the marshes became practically free from mos- 

 quitoes, and he noted further that a few days later blood-filled 

 specimens with developing or developed ovaries returned to them 

 from the upland. This seemed to him in the nature of a return 

 migration for oviposition as all specimens were worn and bat- 

 tered. 



From the Newark Marshes — using that term generally to im 

 elude also all that section within the corporate limits of Eliza- 

 beth — the insects were traced to the second ridge of the Orange 

 Mountains, to Paterson, to Morristown, and to Summit, in grad- 

 ually decreasing numbers. 



From the Raritan Marshes they were traced along the river to 

 Bound Brook, to Somerville, to Dunellen and tO' Plainfield. Just 

 how far inland this swarm penetrated I do not know. 



Meanwhile Dr. Nelson was observing along the shores of Great 

 Bay and the mouth of the Mullica River, finding little mosquito 



