REPORT OX MOSQUITOES. 463 



broods of Ciilex ca}iadcnsis, trivittatus and a number of other 

 species to maturity. Xo pipicns are found in these pools ; but 

 Anopheles does occur there in some numbers at times. In July 

 and August most of these pools dry up, except where formed by 

 springs which have no other outlet. In the fall, rains usually 

 refill the pools and breeding goes on until late, sylvestris now 

 becoming prominent and replacing CLUUuiciisis as the most nu- 

 merous species. At this time Anopheles also becomes a greater 

 factor and specimens are not at all rare. 



Except for Anopheles and Cnlex sylvestris the mosquito out- 

 put from these woodland pools remains \-ery much at home and 

 the species are rarely or not at all found in the towns. As a 

 large portion of this territory is in the hands of the Essex County 

 Park Commission and is reser\-ed as a public park, it will be in 

 order as a part of the general improvements, to do away with as 

 many of these pools as possible for the comfort of the many vis- 

 itors already attracted b}- the beauty of the place. 



At and near Vailsburgh is a swampy meadow area which 

 breeds sylvestris in great quantities and supplies the neighbor- 

 hood for a considerable distance round about. In the towns 

 themselves there are the usual sunken lots, bits of swamp land, 

 cess-pools, water barrels, etc., in which pipiens delights, and of 

 such places many have been improved out of existence. 



From a practical standpoint the mountain breeding areas cause 

 little trouble in the towns along the base. Cnlex sylvestris is the 

 only species of local extraction that comes from any distance and 

 all low meadow pools and marshy bits are likely to supply this. 

 The only large area is that already mentioned at VailslDurgh. 

 Cnlex pipiens of course breeds wherever an opportunitv occurs 

 and is the only really troublesome form indoors. The great 

 majority, say seventy-five per cent, of all the mosquitoes infesting 

 the towns, are cautator and sollicitans or the salt marsh migrants. 



The following comes from Dr. T. X. Gray, the medical officer 

 of the Board of Health at East Orange, under date September 

 30th. 1904: 



"In East Orange, during the past spring and summer, we have devoted 

 the greater part of our energj' to oiling. Our scheme for the permanent 

 wiping out of the mosquito is to fill in the low places. We do this because 

 East Orange has no open water courses. As filling in with dirt is a very 

 costly work we have not pushed it so far, preferring to wait until furnaces 

 come in use, and those owning the localities to be filled in can have the 

 benefit of the ashes and cinders collected by the public scavenger, and which 

 will cost nothing, the onlj' expense being the few inches of dirt which the 

 ordinance requires as a top dressing over ashes. We have found no trouble 

 with the operation of the new law ; indeed, it has saved us trouble, as in 

 case the owner proves obstinate we do not have to go into court to prove a 



