18 LAMELLIROSTRAL SWIMMERS — ANSERES. 



3. F. fuligula. 1 Occiput with a long, pendant, but closely appressed, crest ; back and scap- 



ulars plain black. Wing, 7.60-8.10 inches ; bill, 1.85-1. 1)0 X .T5-.85 X .55-.65 ; tarsus, 

 1.25-1.30 ; middle toe, 2.05-2.10 ; Hab. Paltearctic Region ; accidental in Greenland \ 

 IS. Speculum bluish gray, narrowly tipped with white ; sides and flanks grayish white, very 

 distinctly undulated with blackish. 



4. P. collaris. Occiput without crest ; back and scapulars plain black ; lower neck with 



a more or less distinct collar of chestnut or dark reddish brown ; chin with a triangular 

 white spot. 



Fulix marila. 

 THE SCAUP DUCK; BIG BLACK-HEAD OR BLUE-BILL. 



Le MUlouiruin, Buff. PI. Enl. 1002 (£ad.). 



Anas mania, Linn. Faun. Suec. 2d ed. 1761, 39 ; S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 196. — ?\Vils. Am. Om. 

 VIII. 1814, 81, pi. 69, tig. 3 (may be F. affinis). 



Fuligula marila, Stephens, Shaw's Gen. Zool. XII. ii. 1824, 198. — Sw. & Rich. F. B. A. II. 1831, 

 453 (part; includes F. affinis). — Nutt. Man. II. 1834, 437 (do.).— Aud. B. Am. VII. 1843, 

 355, pi. 498 (not of VI. 1843, 316, pi. 397, nor of his earlier works, which = F. affinis). — 

 Coues, Key, 1872, 289 ; Check List, 1873, no. 500 ; 2d ed. 1S82, no. 720 ; Birds N. W. 1874, 

 573. 



Fulix marila, Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, 791 ; Cat. N. Am. B. 1859, no. 588. — Ridgw. Norn. N. 

 Am. B. 1881, no. 614. 



Anasfrenata, SfARRM. Mas. Carls. 17S6, pi. 38. 



Fuligula Gesneri, Kvton, Cat. Br. B. 1836, 58. 



Hab. Entire northern hemisphere; in America, breeding far north. 



Sp. Char. Head, neck, and jugulum black, the first with a greenish gloss ; back and scapulars 

 white, irregularly undulated with zigzag lines of black ; wing-coverts dusk)', finely grizzled with 

 grayish white ; secondaries white, tipped, and sometimes narrowly edged with black ; tertials black, 

 with a very faint bottle-green reflection ; primary-coverts dusky black ; primaries similar, but the 

 inner quills pale grayish on outer webs, except at ends, the gray growing whiter on the shorter feath- 

 ers ; rump, upper tail-coverts, tail, and erissum, dull black. Lower parts between the jugulum and 

 crissum white, the posterior portion (and sometimes the sides and flanks), zigzagged with dusky. 

 Hill pale blue (or bluish white) in life, the nail black ; iris bright yellow ; legs and feet pale slate. 

 Adult female : Head and neck sepia-brown, the anterior portion of the former, all round the base of 

 the bill, white ; jugulum, anal region, and crissum, pale grayish brown, fading gradually into the 

 white of the breast and abdomen ; sides and flanksdeeper brown ; above, brownish dusky, the back 

 and scapulars but faintly or not at all grizzled with white ; wings much as in the male. 



Total length, about 18 to 20 inches; extent, 29.50 to 35.00 ; wing, 8.25-9.00 ; culmen, 1.85- 

 2.20 ; width of bill near end, .85-1.05, at base, .70-.90 ; tarsus, 1.40-1.60 ; middle toe, 2.25-2.45. 



1 Fulix fuligula. The European Crested Duck. 

 /., Morillon, Buff. PI. Enl. 1001 ( $ ad.). 

 Anas fuligula, Linn. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 12S ; ed. 12, I. 1766, 202. — Naum. Vog. Deutschl. 



XII. 1S44, 64, pi. 310. 

 Anas scandiaca, Gmel. S. X. I. 1788, 520. 

 Anas cristata, Leach, Syst. Cat. 1816, 39. 



Fuligula cristata, Steph. Gen. Zool. XII. 1824, 190. — Bonap. Comp. List. 1S3S, 58. —Keys. 

 &Blas. Wirb. Eur. 87. — Macgill. Man. II. 1S9. — Gp.ay, Gen. B. III. 621 ; Cat. Brit. 

 B. 1863, 199. 

 Anas colymbis, Pall. Z'>og. Kosso-As. II. 1S26, 266. 



Tufted Duck, Yai:k. Brit. Ii. ed, 2, III. 351, fig. ; ed. 3, III. 353, fig. ; et Auct. 

 Sp. In m. Adult mule : Head and neck glossy black, showing purple and green reflections in certain 

 lights ; pendant occipital crest, ami lower part of neck (forming indistinct collar) brownish ; upper parts 

 in general, jugulum, breast, and crissum brownish Mark, the back and scapulars minutely freckled with 

 grayish. Speculum white, widely tipped with black; primaries light brownish gray, their ends, with 

 entire outer web of two outer quills, blackish. Entire abdomen, sides, and flanks, immaculate white. 



