ANATIN.E — THE DUCKS — CLANGULA. 43 



apparently a Circumpolar distribution, while I can find no evidence that it is either 

 of Arctic or Circumpolar occurrence. It has not been found east of Iceland, either 

 in Europe or Asia ; neither is it known to nest anywhere within the Arctic Circle. 



It is both a northern and a mountain species, breeding in Greenland, Iceland, and 

 Alaska up to 64° 30' north latitude, and occurring throughout the Kocky Mountains 

 from high northern regions at least as far to the south as 38° north latitude. It 

 is also seen during the breeding-season in Maine and New Brunswick, and probably 

 throughout the British Provinces generally. It is found on the Atlantic coast in 

 winter as far south at least as Southern Massachusetts, and on the Pacific up to a 

 limit not yet ascertained. 



Its presence in the more northerly portion of the Rocky Mountains, among the 

 valleys, was first noted in 1831 by Dr. Richardson, who describes its habits as being 

 very similar to those of the Common Golden-eye ; and, three years later, Mr. Nuttall 

 (" Water Birds," p. 444) mentions it as occurring in the Rocky Mountains ; but 

 whether on the authority of his own observations or of those of Dr. Richardson, he 

 does not state. More recently, Dr. Cooper was the first of our naturalists to recall 

 the fact of its being found among the mountains of the United States. (See " Fauna 

 of Montana," Am. Nat. III., p. 83.) 



Holboll and Reinhardt have also recorded it as being a bird of Greenland, in the 

 southern part of which country it breeds; and it has been procured in the neighbor- 

 hood of Godthaab and Nenortalik. Its range is there restricted to a narrow belt 

 between 63° 45' and 64° 30'. North of this the natives have no knowledge of its 

 occurrence. 



Mr. Boardma.n informs me that a few birds of this species are seen each summer 

 in the neighborhood of Calais, Me., and that they undoubtedly breed there, but that 

 as yet he has not been able to discover their nests. They are somewhat rare in the 

 region at that season, but become much more common on the St. Croix River in 

 the winter, and also in the Bay of Fundy. 



Mr. William Brewster, of Cambridge, obtained an adult female in the flesh from 

 Cape Cod, Mass., Dec. 7, 1871. Since then he has met with several females and two 

 adult males in the Boston Market, most of which were shot within the limits of 

 Massachusetts. It is now thought to be more common on that coast in the winter 

 than had been previously supposed. 



Mr. Nelson states that Barrow's Golden-eye is a winter resident on Lake Michi- 

 gan, and that it is found at that season irregularly throughout the State of Illinois. 

 This bird was obtained on the Wabash, at Mount Carmel, in December, 1874, by Pro- 

 fessor Stein ; and Mr. Nelson has observed it at Chicago. Dr. Hoy procured a speci- 

 men at Racine in 1860. It is probably not uncommon on Lake Michigan; but the 

 winter season is unfavorable for procuring it, or even for ascertaining its numbers. 



This species has been procured by Dr. Hayden in the interior of the United States, 

 and subsequently, in 1872, by Mr. Henshaw, who is inclined to regard this as a species 

 occurring regularly and in considerable numbers on Utah Lake, where two specimens 

 were taken by him, and where — as he was assured by the hunters — some are shot 

 every winter, although this species is less abundant than the common Golden-eye, 

 from which it is easily distinguished. 



Mr. Edwin Carter, of Colorado, was probably the first person actually to secure 

 the nest and eggs of this species, whose presence in the mountains of that region 

 had been well known to him for several years. A set of seven eggs obtained by him 

 is now in the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Cambridge. Mr. Carter writes me 

 that " the usual nest complement of Barrow's Golden-eye is from six to ten, varying 



