PHALACROCOBACHLE - THE CORMORANTS — PHALACROCORAX 14o 



B. Bill robust, com] almen straight, the maxillary unguis slender and not arched. 



Tail-feathers fourteen, irery short (less than half the wing). us. 1 ) 



4. P. penicillatus. Adult, glossy blue-black, with a patch of pale fawn-color or brownish 



white adjoining base of the gular sac. /» flu breeding-season, sides of the neck and upper 

 scapulars ornamented by long, stiff, bristly white or pale straw-colored filaments. Hab. 

 Western coast of North America. 



C. Bill slender (more robust in P. ), nearly cylindrical, the maxilla much broader 



than deep, its unguis abruptly hooked and not arched, that of the mandible strongly 

 convex below. Tail-feathers twelve. ( ! 



5. P. pelagicus. Feathers of the forehead advancing to the base of the culinen. Adult, 



head and neck rich silky violet ; lower parte and rump silky dark green ; scapulars and 

 wings bottle-green, tinged with purple. In III ason, neck and rump orna- 



mented by narrow pure-white filaments, and flanks covered with a pure-white patch. 

 Hab. Pacific coast ol North America. 



6. P. urile. Feathers of the forehead separated from the base of the culinen by a strip of 



bare skin connecting the naked lores. Adult, similar to pelagicus, but neck less purplish, 

 the scapulars rich purplish violet. Nuptial ornaments same as in t. pelagicus. Hah. 

 and islands of Alaska, north of Kadiak. 



7. P. perspicillatus. Similar to pelagicus and uW2e, but much larger (length, 36.00 inches, 



bill 4.00, tail 9.00, tarsus 3.00), with straw-colored filaments on head and upper neck, 

 the eyes encircled with a broad white ring of naked skin, like spectacles. Otherwise 

 much like urile in plumage. Huh. Behring Island, Kamtechatka ; " Russian America." 

 (Probably now extinct .') 



Phalacrocorax carbo. 



THE COMMON CORMORANT. 



Pelecanus carbo, Linn. S. X. ed. 10, I. 1758, 133; ed. 12, I. 1766, 216. 



Plialacrocoruj; carbo, Boxap. Synop. 1828, no. 353. — Nutt. Man. II. 1834, 47f. —Am. Orn. Biog. 



III. 1835, 458; Synop. 1839, 302; B. Am. VI. 1843, 412, pi. 415. — RlDGW. Nom. X. Am. B. 



1881, no. 642. — CoUES, Check List, 2d ed. 18S2, no. 750. 

 Oraculus carbo, Ghat, Gen. B. 1S45. — Laws, in Baird's B. N. Am. 1S5S, S76. — Baled, Cat. >". 



Am. B. 1859, no. 620. — Coues, Key, 1872, 302 ; Check List, 1873, no. 528. 

 Carbo maerorhynchus, Less. Trait.-. 1831, 604 (Newfoundland). 

 Phalacrocorax carbo, var. maerorhynchus, Boxap. Consp. II. 1855, 168. 

 Phalacrocorax maerorhynchus, Boxap. Compt Rend. XLII. 1856, 766. 

 Pelecanus phalacrocuriij; Br.rxx. Orn. Bor. 1764, 31. 

 Carbo cormoranus, METER, Taschenb. II. 1810, 



Carbo glacial is, arboreus, and subeormoranus, Brehm. Vog. Deutschl. 1831, 817, 818, 819. 

 Phalacrocorax americanus, Reich. Syst. Av. 1850, t. 47. 



Hab. Coasts of the North Atlantic ; south, in America, to Xew Jersey in winter. 



Sp. Char. Tail of fourteen feathers ; bill strong, the culmen slightly concave in the middle 

 portion, ascending basally, the nail arched and strongly hooked ; maxilla broader than high. Out- 

 line of the feathering behind the orbits rounded, extending thence backward and downward to 

 behind the rictus (where the bare skin form- an obtuse angle), then straight downward across the 

 lower jaw, and finally curving gradually forward, forming an acute angle on the middle of the 

 gular pouch. Adult, in full b w : Occiput with a narrow mane-like pendant crest of 



soft feathers. Head, neck, rump, and lower parts soft glossy blue-black; back, scapulars, ami 

 wing-coverts bronzy slate-brown, each feather broadly and sharply bordered with blue-black ; pri- 

 maries and tail deep dull black, the shafts of the latter growing milky white toward the base. A 

 broad crescentic patch of white adjoining the posterior part of the gular pouch, its posterior outline 



1 Compsohalicus, Ridgw. : type, Carbo Brandt [nou\pis = compt us, and d\tc is = 



ator). 



vol. II. — 19 



