150 



TOTIPALMATE SWIMMERS — STEGANOPODES. 



b. Floridanus. THE SOUTHERN DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANT. 



Phalacrocorax floridanus, Aun. Orn. Biog. III. 1835, 387 ; V. 1839, 632, pL 251 ; Synop. 1839, 303 ; 



B. Am. VI. 1813, 430, pi. 417. 

 Graculus floridanus, Bonap. Consp. II. 1855, 172. — Lawr. in Baird's B. N. Am. 1858, 879.— 



Baip.d, Cat. N. Am. B. 1859, no. 624. 

 Gracuhw dilophus, vat. floridanus, Coues, Key, 1S72, 303 ; Check List, 1873, no. 530ns. 

 Graculus dilophus, b. floridanus, Coues, B. N. W. 1874, 587. 

 Phalacrocorax dilophus floridanus, Ridgw. Nom. N. Am. B. 18S1, no. 643 a. — Coues, 2d Check 



List, 1882, no. 753. 



c. Cincinnatus. THE WHITE-TUFTED CORMORANT. 



Carbo cincinnatus, Brandt, Bull. Sc. Ac. St. Petersb. III. 1838, 55. 



Graculus cincinnatus, Gray, Gen. B. 1845. — Lawr. in Baird's B. N. Am. 1858, 877. — Baird, Cat. 



N. Am. B. 1S59, no. 622. 

 Phalacrocorax cincinnatus, Bonap. Consp. II. 1855, 168 ; Compt. Rend. XLII. 1856, 766. 

 Phalacrocorax dilophus cincinnatus, Ridgw. N. Am. B. 1881, no. 643 ft. — Coues, 2d Check List, 



1882, no. 752. 

 Graculus dihphus, Dall & Bannist. Trans. Chicago Acad. I. 1869, 302 (Sitka). 



d. Albociliatus. THE LESSER WHITE-TUFTED CORMORANT. 



Plialacrocorax dilophus albociliatus, Ridgw. Cat. Aquat. and Fish-eating Birds, 1883, 27 (no descrip- 

 tion) ; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, II. Apr. 10, 1884, 94. 



Hab. Of true dilophus, the whole of Eastern North America, breeding chiefly north of the 

 United States ; of floridanus, South Atlantic and Gulf States, and Lower Mississippi Valley, to 

 Southern Illinois ; of cincinnatus, the Pacific coast of North America, south in winter, to Cali- 

 fornia, north to coast of Norton Sound, Alaska ; of albociliatus, coast of California, south to Cape 

 St. Lucas and Revillegigedo Islands. 



Sp. Char. Basal outline of the gular pouch extending straight across the throat or projecting 

 slightly back along the median line. Adult, in full breeding-plumage: Head, neck, rump, and 



entire lower parts, glossy black, 

 with a faint lustre of dull bluish 

 green ; back, scapulars, and wings, 

 dull grayish brown, each feather 

 conspicuously and broadly bor- 

 dered with black ; tail uniform 

 dull black. A tuft of narrow, 

 lengthened, curved feathers on 

 each side the crown, springing 

 from behind and above the eye, 

 these feathers either wholly black 

 (in eastern specimens), mixed black 

 and white (in specimens from the 

 interior), or wholly pure white 

 (in Pacific coast examples); neck 

 sometimes, but rarely, with a 

 few scattered white filamentous 

 feathers. Maxilla black, mottled 

 with grayish or dull yellowish 

 along the sides ; mandible yellowish or pale bluish, mottled with dusky ; loral region and gular 

 sac deep orange ; eyelids and whole interior of the mouth bright cobalt-blue, the former some- 

 times dotted with white iris bright grass-green; legs and feet deep black. 1 Adult, in winter: 



1 Audubon gives the fresh colors of the larger eastern form (or true dilophus) as follows : — "Adult 

 male, at commencement of the breeding-season: Upper mandible dusky, along the edges grayish-yellow; 

 lower yellow, irregularly marked with dusky toward the edges. Iris bright green, margin of eyelids,' 



P. dilophus floridanus, nuptial dress. 



