202 LONG-WINGED SWIMMERS — LONGIPENNES. 



Rissa tridactyla. 



THE KITTIWAKE GULL. 

 a. Tridactyla. 



Larus tridactylus, Linn. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 136; ed. 12, I. 1766, 224. — Sw. & Rich. II. 



1831, 423. — Nutt. Man. II. 1834, 298. — Aud. Orn. Biog. III. 1835, 186, pi. 224 ; Synop. 1839, 



326 ; B. Am. VII. 1844, 146, pi. 444. — Cuues, Key, 1872, 314 ; < :heok List, 1873, no. 552. 

 Rissa tridactyla, Bonap. Comp. List, 183S, 02. — Lawk, in Baird's 15. X. Am. 1858, 854. — Baikd, 



Cat. N. Am. B. 1859, no. 672. — Saunders, P. Z. S. 1878, 163 (synonymy, etc.). — Ridgw. 



Nom. N. Am. B. 1881, no. 658. — Coues, 2d Check List, 1882, no. 782. 

 Lams (Itissa) tridactyla, COUES, 15. N. \Y. 1874, 644. 



Lams rissa, Brunn. Orn. Bor. 1764, 42. — LlNN. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1706, 224. 

 Larus albus, Mulleh, Natursyst. 1776, 108 (based on Buflbn's Mouettc cendrie lachetie). 

 Larus cinerarias, Fabk. Fauna Grcenl. 1780, 101 (not of Linn. 1766. — Winter plumage). 

 Larus na-vius, Schaff. Mils. Orn. 1789, 64 (not of Linx.). 

 Larus torquatus, Pall. Zoog. Rosso-As. II. 1826, 328. 

 Larus canus, Pall. t. c. 330 (not of Linx.). 

 Larus gavia, Fall. t. c. 329. 



Larus riga, Gmel. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 594 (misprint). 

 Rissa Brunnichii, Leach, Stephen's Gen. Zool. XIII. i. 1826, 181, pi. 21. 

 Rissa dm rea, Eyton, Cat. Br. B. 1836, 52. 

 Laroides minor, Brehm, Vug. Deutsehl. 1831, 756. 

 Rissa borealis, Biiehm, Naum. 1855, 294 (not Larus borealis, Bruch). 

 Rissa gregaria, Brehm, 1. c 



b. Pollicaris. 

 Larus rissa, Pall. Zoog. Rosso-As. II. 1826, 321 (not of Brunn.). 

 Larus tridactylus, Kittl. Isis, 1832, 1104 (not of Linn.). 

 Larus [Rissa] brachyrhynchus, Beuoh, J. f. O. 1853, 103, sp. 31 (nee Richardson, 1831, nee 



Gould, 1843). 

 Rissa nivca, Bi'. Naum. 1854, 212 (nomen nudum : not of Gray, 1845). 



Rissa Kotzebui, Bonap. Consp. II. 1856, 220 (not of 1854 ! . — Elliot, Illustr. B. Am. pi. 54. 

 Larus tridactylus, var. Kotzebui, COUES, Key, 1872, 314; Check List, 1S73, no. 552 a; B. X. W. 



1874, 646 ; Elliott's Alaska, 1875, 199. 

 Rissa tridactyla Kotzbuci, Ridgw. Nom. X. Am. B. 1881, no. 658a. 

 Rissa tridactyla Kotzebuii, C'OUES, 2d Check List, 1882, no. 783. 

 Rissa tridactyla poUicaris, Stejn. U.S. 



Ii. tridactyla. 



