318 LONG-WINGED SWIMMERS — LONGTPENNES. 



A. Smaller (wing 8.50 inches or less) ; head wholly dusky or black. 



1. H. nigra. Upper tail-coverts and tail plumbeous, like the hack ; wings uniform plumbeous. 



n. Lower parts plumbeous, scarcely, if at. all, darker than the upper surface. Hab. 



Europe. nigra. 1 



p. Lower parts black, much darker than the upper parts, which are decidedly darker than 



in //. nigra. Hub. America surinamensis. 



2. H. leucoptera. Upper tail-coverts and tail white, sometimes shaded with pearl-gray ; 



anterior lesser wing-coverts white, lower parts black, as in H. surinamensis. Hab. Palie- 

 arctic Region ; accidental in North America (Wisconsin ; Kumlien). 



B. Larger (win" 9.50 inches) ; a broad white stripe on side of the head, below the eye. 



3. H. leucopareia - Entile pileum, including lores and nape, uniform black ; a wide stripe on 



the side of the head, from the chin and rictus back to the nape, beneath the eyes, also the 

 crissum and lining of the wing, white ; rest of the plumage uniform light bluish plumbeous. 

 Hab. Paleearctic Region ; accidental in West Indies. 



Hydrochelidon nigra surinamensis. 



THE BLACK TERN. 



Sterna surinamensis, Gmel. S. X. I. 17S8, 0ii4. 



Hydrochelidon surinamensis, Bonap. Compt. Rend. 185(5, 773. 



Hydrochelidon lariformis surinamensis, RlDGW. Noni. N. Am. B. 1881, no. 693. 



Hydrochelidon nigra surinamensis, Ste.tn. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. 5, 1882, 40. 



Sterna plumbea, Wils. Am. Orn. VII. 1813, S3, pi. S3 (= young). 



Hydrochelidon plumbea, Lawii. in Baird's B. X. Am. 1858, 864. — Baird, Cat. N. Am. B. 1859, 



no. 695. 

 Sterna nigra, Sw. & Rich. F. B. A. II. 1831, 415 (nee Linn.). — Xutt. Man. II. 1834, 282. —Aim. 



Orn. Biog. III. 1835, 593 ; V. 1839, 642, pi. 180; Synop. 1839, 320; B. Am. VII. 1844, 116, 



pi. 438. 

 Hydrochelidon nigra (part), Saunders, P. '/.. S. 1S78, 642. 

 Hydrochelidon fissipes (part), (hues, Pr. Philad. Acad. 1862, 554 (nee Sterna ftssipes, Linn.) ; Key, 



1872, 323 ; Check List, 1873, no. 575. 

 Hydrochelidon lariformis (part), Coues, IS. N. W. 1874, 704 (nee Ealhts lariformis, Linn.); 2d 



Check List, 1882, no. 806. 



Hab. The whole of temperate North America, and portions of tropical America ; north to 

 Alaska, south to Chili ; breeds throughout its range, except toward the extreme south. 



Si'. Char. Adult, in summer: Head, neck, and lower parts sooty black, the head and neck, 

 especially above, nearly pure black ; anal region and crissum pure white. Entire upper parts 



1 Hydrochelidon nigra. 



Sterna nigra, Linn. S. X. ed. 10, I. 175S, 137 ; ed. 12, I. 1766, 227. 



Hydrochelidon nigra, Boie, Isis, 1822, 563. 



Rallus lariformis, Linn. S. X. ed. 10, I. 1758, 153. 



Hydrochelidon lariformis, Coues, P.. X. W. 1874, 704 (part). 



Sterna na-via, Linn. S. N. I. 1766, 228 (ex BRISS. ; = RaUus lariformis of ed. 10). 



2 Hydrochelidon leucopareia. 



Sterna leucopareia, Natit.rer, in Temm. Man. 1820, 726. 



Ilililrncheliibhi friiciiparciri, Could, Handb. to II. Austr. II. 1865, 406. 



Sterna javanica, Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. 1820, 198. 



Sterna grisea, Horsf. t. c. 199. 



Sterna hybrida, Pali.. Zoog. Rosso-As. II. 1S26, 338. 



Hydrochelidon hybrida, Cray, Cm. B. III. 1846, 660. — Saunders, P. Z. S. 1876, 640. 



Sterna Delamottei, Vieill. Faun. Fr. 1S2S, 402. 



Sterna similis, Cray & Hardw. Illustr. In.'.. Zool. I. 1882, pi. 70, fig. 2. 



Hydrochelidon fluviatilis, Gould, P. /.. S. 1812, 140. 



Hydrochelidon Delalandii, Bonap. Compt. Rend. XI.II. 1856, 773. 



SI, run innotata, BEAVAN, Ibis, 186S, 404 (young). 



