446 



THE DIVING BIRDS — PYGOPODES. 



Urinator immer. 



THE GREAT NORTHERN DIVER. 



Colymbus imbcr, x Gunn. Trond. Selsk. Skr. I. 1761, pi. iii. 



Colymbus immer, BltuNN. Orn. Bor. 1764, 34 (young). — Linn. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 222. 



Urinator immer, Stejn. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. 5, 1882, 43. 



( 'olymbus torquatus, Brunn. Orn. Bor. 1764, 41. — Lawk, in Baird'sB. N. Am. 1858, S8S. — Baird, 



Cat. N. Am. B. 1859, no. 698. — Coues, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sei. Philad. 1S62, 227 ; Key, 1S72, 334 ; 



Check List, 1873, no. 605 ; ed. 2, 1882, no. 840. — Ridgw. Nom. N. Am. B. 1881, no. 736. 

 Colymbus glacialis, Linn. S. N. I. 1766, 221. — Wils. Am. Orn. IX. 1S24, 84, pi. 74. — Rich. & 



Sw. F. B. A. II. 1831, 474. — Nutt. Man. II. 1834, 513. — Aud. On. Biog. IV. 1838, 43, pi. 



306 ; B. Am. VII. 1844, 282, pi. 476. 

 Colymbus maximtis, Gunn. Tr. Selsk. Skr. III. 1765, 125. 

 Mergus ncevius, Bonnat. Enc. Meth. Orn. I. 1790, 73. 



Cohjmbus alroijularis, Meter & Wolf, Tasch. Vog. Deutschl. II. 1810, 449 (part). 

 Colymbus hycmalis, Breiim, Lehrb. Eur. Vijg. II. 1824, 883. 



Hab. Northern part of northern hemisphere. In America, breeding from the Northern States 

 northward, wintering south to the Gulf of Mexico; no extralimital American record. 



Sp. Char. Adult : Head and neck dull black, with a greenish reflection, this brightest on the 

 lower part of the neck; foreneck crossed by a narrow bar of white longitudinal oblong dots or 



short streaks ; sides of the neck some distance below this crossed by a broad bar of longitudinal 

 white streaks; upper parts black, beautifully variegated with white dots, these largest, and nearly 

 quadrate in form, on the scapulars, minute and dot-like on the rump. Lower parts immaculate 

 white, the sides of the jugulum narrowly streaked with black, the sides and Hanks black, dotted 



1 The preference is here given to Colymbus immer, Bni : NN., over C. imbcr, Gunn., only for the reason 

 thai there may be a question as to whether Gunnerus is acceptable as a binomialist. He is unquestionably 

 as much so as Bartram, whose identifiable names are not challenged, and furthermore describes his species 

 much more accurately and scientifically than did Bartram ; while his diagnoses are accompanied by per- 

 fectly recognizable plates. (See Stejneger, Proc. IT. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. 5, p. 37, and The Auk, April, 

 1S84, p. 119.) Our reasons for preferring immer to torquatus are that the latter does not occur in 

 the twelfth edition of Linnoeus's Systema Naturae, while the former does, and may therefore be taken by 

 those ornithologists who do not recognize names dating earlier than 1766. 



