4<J0 THE DIVING BIRDS — PYGOPODES. 



2. C. grylle. Greater wing-coverts with at least their basal half black, this often showing 



as a narrow bar beyond tips of anterior row of coverts. About the same dimensions as 

 Mandtii, but bill larger and stouter. Culmen, 1.20-1.30; gonys, .50-60; depth of bill 

 through middle of nostril, .40-45. Hah. Coasts of Northern Europe, south to Denmark 

 and northern parts of British Islands ; coast of Newfoundland (?); Eastport, Me. ; south 

 in winter to Philadelphia. 

 I>. Lining of wing smoky gray. 



3. C. columba. Greater wing-coverts black basally, this increasing in extent toward edge 



of wing, where occupying almost the whole of the outermost feather, thus producing a 



broad black "wedge " between the two white areas. Wing, about 7.00 inches ; culmen, 



1.20 ; gonys, . ; depth of bill, . ; tarsus, 1.25 ; middle toe, with claw, 1.90. Hob. 



Pacific coast of North America, from California to the Aleutian Islands, and across to 

 Kamtschatka and Northern Japan. 

 It. No white on outer surface of wing. 



4. C. carbo. A whitish patch surrounding the eye. Wing, about 7.75 inches ; culmen, 



1.55-1.70 ; gonys, .75-80 ; depth of lull through nostril, .50 ; tarsus, about, 1.36 ; mid- 

 dle toe, with claw, 2.10. Huh. Coasts of Northeastern Asia, from Northern Japan and 

 Kuriles to the Okotsk Sea ; Behring Island, Kamtschatka, accidental >. (Ste.jneger); 

 Unalashka?? (Pallas). 



5. C. Motzfeldi. No white on side of head. Culmen, 1 inch 9 lines ; commissure, 2 inches 



3 lines ; bill from nostril, 1 inch ; tarsus, 1 inch lines. Hah. High North Atlantic 

 (west side of Cumberland Gulf, Greenland, and Iceland). 



Cepphus Mandtii. 



MANDT'S GUILLEMOT. 



Colymbus grylle, Phipps, Voy. N. P. 1774, 186 (not of Linn.). 



Uria grylle, Cass, in Baird's 11. X. Am. 1858, '.HI ; Phil. Acad. 1802, 323. — P.aird, Cat. N. Am. 



I!. 1859, no. 726. — Nelson-, Cruise Corwin, 1883, 117. — Coues, Key, 1S72, 345 (part) ; Check 



last, 1873, no. 631 ; 2.1 ed. I8S2, no. 871. — Ridgw. Nora. N. Am. 11. 1S81, no. 700. 

 Cepphus grylle, Newton, P. Z. S. 1804, 495. 

 Grylle scapularis, Leach, Ross's Voy. N. YV. Pass. App. 1S19, p. li, in Thorns. Ann. Philos. XIII. 



1819, 00 (part). 

 Uria scapularis, Steph. Gen. Zool. XII. 1S24, 250, pi. 04. 

 Uria Mandtii, Licut. in Mandt's Obs. I tin. Dissert. 1S22, 30; Verz. Doubl. 1823, S3. — Facer, 



Isis, 1824, 980. —Keys. & Blas. Wirb. Eur. I. 1840, p. xcii. — Naum. Nat. Deutsch. XII. 



1844, 402. 

 Cepphus Mandtii, Newton, Ibis, 1805, p. 517. — Stejh. Tr. U. S. Nat. Mas. 1SS4. 

 Uriagrylle Mandtii, Schleg. Pre. Crit. 1S44, p. cvii. 

 Uria glacialis, Bkehm, Lehrb. Vbg. Eur. 1824, 924, 1008. 

 Uria Meisneri, Bkehm, t. c. 1006. 

 Uria grylle, var. glacialis, Sundev. Voy. Scand. Atl. 1S47, Livr. IV. pi, 



IIab. Circumpolar Regions ; on the western coasts of the Atlantic, breeding south to Hudson's 

 Pay and coast of Labrador, and in winter migrating as far as the coast of New Jersey ; in Western 

 Arctic America passing through Behring's Straits in winter as far as Norton Sound. 



Sp. Char. Adult, in summer: Uniform black (more sooty below), showing a faint gloss of 

 "invisible" green in certain lights. Wings with a large unbroken patch of white, including the 

 greater, middle, and posterior lesser coverts, these feathers nil white to the base. Axillars, entire 

 lining of the wing, and basal half (or more) of inner webs of the primaries, unbroken pure white. 

 Bill deep black ; interior of mouth, with leg-; and feet, deep vermilion-red ; claws black ; iris dark 

 brown. Winter plumage : Wings and tail as in the summer plumage; rest of the plumage pure 

 white, the pileum, back, scapulars, and upper part of rump varied with black, the whole of the 

 concealed, and part of the exposed, portion of the feathers being of the latter color. Feet dull red. 

 Young, first plumage: Similar to the winter plumage, but white wing-patch broken by blackish 

 tips to all the feathers (their basis still white, however), the secondaries and primary coverts with 



