KINGLETS AND GNATCATCHERS. 391 



736. Parus carolinensis And. Carolina Chickadee. — Similar to 

 the preceding species, but smaller; greater wing-coverts «o^ margined with 

 whitish ; wing and tail-feathers with less white on their outer vanes. L., 

 4-06-4-75; W., 2-20-2-48; T., 1-88-2-12; B., •30--32. 



Range. — Southeastern United States, north to middle New Jersey and 

 Illinois; resident from southern New Jersey southward. 



Washington, very common P. K., particularly in winter. 



iVes^, of grasses, fine strips of bark, feathers, hair, etc., in holes in trees, 

 stumps, etc. £ggs^ five to eight, similar in color to those of P. atricapillus. 



My experience with this southern Chickadee has been confined 

 largely to Florida. There I found it a comparatively shy bird, with 

 notes quite unlike those of P. atricapillus. Instead of the two clear 

 whistles which atricapillus in New Jersey utters, the Florida bird re- 

 peats four rather tremulous notes, and there is also a substantial differ- 

 ence in its other calls, one of which resembles the words my watcher 

 key, my watcher key. 



Mr. C. W. Richmond writes me that at Washington the chick-d-dee 

 call of carolinensis is higher pitched and more hurriedly given than 

 that of atricapilbis, and that the whistle consists of three notes. 



Writing from the mountains of North Carolina, where both spe- 

 cies occur together, Mr. Brewster says : " In one place a male of each 

 species was singing in the same tree, the low, plaintive tsivee-dee-twsee- 

 dee of the P. carolinensis, contrasting sharply with the ringing te-derry 

 of its more northern cousin " (The Auk, vol. iii, 1886, p. 177). 



740. Parus hudsonicus Forst. Hudsonian Chickadee. Ad. — 

 Crown dull, dark brownish gray; back brownish ashy; wings and tail gray- 

 ish ; throat black ; ear-coverts, sides of the neck, breast, and belly white ; 

 sides rufous. 



Range. — Northern North America, from Nova Scotia, northern New Eng- 

 land, and northern Michigan northward ; south in winter rarely to Massa- 

 chusetts. 



Cambridge, rare, perhaps only casual, W. V., Nov. 1 to Apl. 1. 



Nest, of moss and felted fur. in holes in trees and stumps. Eggs, six to 

 seven, not distinguishable from those of P. atricapillus, "Gl x -50. 



This northern Chickadee is frequently found associated with P. 

 atricapillus, which it resembles in habits, though its notes are quite 

 unlike the notes of that species. 



Family Sylviid^. Old-World Warblers, Kinglets, and 



Gnatcatchers. 



This family is divided into three subfamilies: (1) The Sylviinm, or 

 Old- World Warblers, numbering one hundred species, confined exclu- 

 sively to the Old World, with the exception of one species found in 

 Alaska; (2) the RerjnUna?, or Kinglets, of which three of the seven 



