280 TIPUHD^. 



and always with a clubbed tip in the male ; widened before the 

 end (which is pointed) in the female, with a normally shaped 

 horny ovipositor. Genitalia very distinct. Legs long, but less so, 

 comparatively, than in the other two subfamilies. Coxae broad, 

 moderately long ; tibiae spurred at the tip ; metatarsus veiy long, 

 claws small ; pulvilli distinct. Wings of moderate size, with 

 rounded tips and somewhat narrowed at the base. One marginal 

 and U\o submai'giual cells ; four posterior cells. Auxiliary 

 vein long, ending in the costa ; 1st and 2nd longitudinal veins 

 also ending in the costa ; subcostal cross- vein near the tip of tlie 

 former, the 2nd longitudinal vein originating about the middle of 



Fig. 40.— Early stages of Ptiicho-pfcra ; a, larva ; h, piq^a. 



the wing ; 3rd longitudinal originating soon after the beginning 

 of the 2nd, forked beyond its middle ; anterior cross-vein at or 

 near its base ; 4th longitudinal forked at or near posterior cross- 

 vein, which is nearly opposite the anterior cross-vein, and is short ; 

 the 6th longitudinal vein absent ; the 7th present, short, more or 

 less curved downwards. The wings are held divaricate in repose. 



Range. Europe, North America, and the Himalayas. 



Life-liistonj. The larva of Ptychoptera is whitish in colour, very 

 attenuated, of thirteen segments, including the head, M'ith a long 



