286 tipulidyE. 



spread out fiat), and Tipula itself (generally does so ; yet it has 

 been observed that in tlie group containing those species ^ith 

 marmorated wings (as in the liimcdancnsis group among Oriental 

 and the vemalis group among European species) the wings are 

 more often folded when resting. Moreover Pachi/rhina, the second 

 largest genus in the subfamily, forms an important exception. 

 The value of the habit as a subfamily character is further dis- 

 counted by the fact that some LiMNOBiiNyE assume the spreading 

 attitude of the wings when in repose. 



Much difficulty is experienced when an attempt is made to 

 define the Dolichopezini, Ctenophorini, and Tipultni satis- 

 factorily one from the other, these groups, though essentially 

 forming one subfamily, being separated amongst themselves by 

 characters " perceptible to the entomological sense only," as 

 Osteu Sacken said. 



The extreme length aud delicate nature of the legs (and, in 

 a somewhat less pronounced degree, the body also) in Dolichopeza 

 and its allies is practically the chief difference between these 

 genera and both the Ctenopliora and Tipula groups. The absence 

 of the anterior branch of the 2nd vein and the double forking of 

 the anterior branch of the 4th vein will suffice to determine 

 Dolichopeza itself, but in one or two other genera of Dolichopezixi 

 the former is present, being perpendicular and not oblique, and 

 this feature makes the rhomboidal cell more or less square. 



Between the Cte^'ophorini aud the Tipulini several stronger 

 differences exist, although it must be remembered that there are 

 a number of exotic genera which, in the matter of antennae, 

 bridge the apparent gap between the conspicuously pectinate form 

 prevalent in male Ctenophora and tlie normal antenna of Tipula. 



The following table, therefore, must be accepted with the 

 intimation of the existence of various intermediate and anomalous 

 forms, although none such are actually present in the Indian 

 fauna. 



Table of Sections of the Tipulin.e, 



Legs not of excessive length and slenderiiess, either 

 comparatively short and stout or normally long 

 and slender; the 2nd longitudinal vein forked, 

 the anterior braucli short and oblique. 



Body stouter ; neck absent ; nasus reduced to 

 an obtuse hairy projection ; antennaj nor- 

 mally pectinate or subpeotinate in the male, 

 I never verticillate ; legs distinctly shorter and 



stouter ; abdomen generally broader, often 

 widened just before or at the tip ; genitalia 

 large and complex. Body colours nearly 



always vivid and well marked Ctlxophori^-i. 



Jjody comparatively slender, elongate, normally 

 tipulidiform ; neck almost always present ; 

 nasus always present, elongate, narrow ; 



