2SS TlPtJLID^. 



Genus CTENOPHORA, %. 



Ctenoplwra, Meigeii, Illig. 3Iao-. ii, p. 2(;;} (1803). 

 Taniptera, Lutreille, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat. p. 428 (1804). 



Gekottpe, Tipula atrata, L. 



Head transverse, with somewhat prominent rounded bare eyes. 

 Epistonie enlarged, suout-like towards the tip. Proboscis rather 

 prominent, with rounded hairy labella. Palpi four-jointed, long, 

 the last joint the longest, whiplash-like. Prons in both sexes 

 broad ; ocelli absent. Antennae long, prominent, 13-jointed ; 

 the flagellar joints in the male cylindrical, with two, three, or four 

 comb-like branches ; in the female rounded, or saw-like on the 

 underside. Thorax very arched, neck moderately distinct ; the 

 transverse suture moderately deep and distinct, a little emarginate 

 posteriorly. 8cutellum small, metanotum well developed. Abdo- 

 men elongate, eight-segmented, clubbed at the tip in tlie male, 

 widened towards, but not at, the tip in the female. Genitalia of 

 male large and complex, their structure varying with the species ; 

 sometimes with a conspicuous organ on the belly in addition. 

 Ovipositor in female broad, sword-like, prominent, horny. Le(/s 

 moderately long and stout, but about the shortest of any in the 

 family TiPULiniE; tibiae with strong spurs at the tip ; metatarsus 

 lengthened, claws distinct. Wiur/s comparatively large, of moderate 

 width, the anal angle somewhat squared. One marginal, two 

 submarginal, and five posterior cells. Auxiliary vein more than 

 half the length of the wing, turning into the 1st longitudinal vein 

 at its tip; the 1st longitudinal vein turning at its tip into the 

 short anterior branch of the 2nd vein, which is practically always 

 oblique or nearly perpendicular ; a short cross-vein (costal cross- 

 vein) unites the 1st vein, shortly before its tip, to the costal vein, 

 thus forming the rhomboidal cell characteristic of the Tipulix^e ; 

 the 2nd longitudinal vein emerges about the middle of the wing, 

 generally bisinuate ; the 3rd generally before the middle of the 

 2nd, gently curved ; the anterior cross-vein is comparatively short, 

 the discal cell pentagonal, the 2nd posterior cell petiolate, the 

 petiole moderately long, the posterior branch of the 4th longi- 

 tudinal vein forking at about the middle of the discal cell, the 

 posterior cross-vein placed at the fork ; the 5tli, 6th, and 7th 

 veins normal, the latter rather short. 



Life-history. The metamorphoses of several European species of 

 this genus ai-e known, being described by Fischer, Bouche, and 

 others.* The larvae live in decaying wood, but in view of the 

 probability of the genus not being Oriental, they are not described 

 here. 



* Brauer has described the life-historj of C. hiiiiacidata, Kaltenbach ; also 

 Perris that of C. atrata (in decaying willows). Schiner mentions a second 

 generation, borti in captivity, of the former species. 



