297 



Section TIFULINI. 



Although, as has been mentioned, several abnormally con- 

 structed forms belong to this section, approximating in some 

 degree to the Ctexophorini, none of these have as yet occurred 

 in the Orient. TipuJa and Pachyrhina alone represent this group 

 in the East, these, moreover, being the two most representative 

 genera of the section. Little can be added to the characters 

 already given in the preceding table of sections. 



The colours in Tiimla are compai'atively sombre, consisting 

 mainly of various shades of browns, yellows and dull blacks, 

 whilst in Pacliyrhma the species are generally bright yellow with 

 black, well-defined markings. 



Some European species are mainly black, with yellow markings,, 

 one or two of this nature having been described from the East, 

 but not from India. 



Genus TIPULA, L. 



Tipula, Linne, Syst. Nat. Ed. x, p. .585 (1758). 



Anomaloptera, Lioy, Atti dell Istit. Veueto (3) ix, p. 218 (1863). 



Oreomrjza, Pok., Wien. Entom. Zeit. vi, p. 50 (1887). 



Genotype, Tipula oleracea, L. 



Head more or less oval. Proboscis moderately long, com- 

 pai'atively broad, the upper part prolonged narrowly in the form 

 of a nasus or nose, the low^er part bearing well-developed hairy 

 labella at the tip ; palpi four-jointed, long, cylindrical, the last 

 joint whiplash-like, as long as the preceding three joints taken 

 together. Eyes separated by a frons of one-third to one-fourth 

 the width of the head in both sexes, rarely a little wider in the 

 female. Vertex slightly, sometimes considerably arched. Antennae- 

 of thirteen joints, long, generally a little longer in the male than 

 in the female ; 1st scapal joint elongate, cylindrical, 2nd very 

 short, not wider than the 1st scapal or 1st flagellar joint 

 flagellar joints cylindrical, often slightly enlarged at their 

 bases, sometimes very slightly contracted just before their tips ; 

 1st joint always considerably longer than the others ; each 

 flagellar joint bearing four verticillate hairs, the two on the upper- 

 side long and divaricate, those on the underside much shorter ; 

 scapal joints never verticillate, but bearing some short bristly 

 hairs at the tip of each joint, often a long hair or two in addition. 

 Thorax arched, practically bare, more or less elongate in front, 

 produced into a short conical neck. Transverse suture distinct. 

 Scutelluni moderate in size, semicircular ; metanotum highly 

 developed. Abdomen, irrespective of the genital oi'gans (which 

 form the 9th), of eight segments ; cylindrical in the male or 

 more or less incrassated at the tip, or entirely linear throughout 



