16 ALAUDID^. 



KEY TO THE GENERA. 



a. Wing of ten primaries, the first a bastard 

 primary, 

 a^. Bill long and slender, culmen longer than 

 the middle toe with claw, 

 a^. Bastard-primary small, shorter than 



culmen (Chersofhilus). 



b". Bastard-primary large, longer than 



culmen Certhilauda. 



h'^. Bill not abnormally long and slender. 

 C-. Nostrils exposed. 



«^. Shortest secondary falls short of tip of 

 wing by less than the length of the 

 tarsus ; mantle always mottled ; 

 amount of rufous and the pattern of 

 the wing never varies in adult birds. Mirafra. 

 b^. Shortest secondary falls short of tip 

 of wing by the length of the tarsus ; 

 crown and mantle in adults uniform ; 

 amount of rufous and pattern of 

 wing varies in adult birds .... Pinarocoeys. 

 d^. Nostrils hidden by plumelets. 



c'. Sexes extremely dissimilar in colour- 

 ing ; adult males with the ear-coverts 

 uniform white or black ; females 

 brown and white with the under 



wing-coverts black Pyrrhulauda. 



d^. Sexes alike in plumage. 



rt*. Upper parts uniform, sandy or ashy. 

 a^. Bill extremely thick, with the 

 cutting edge of the upper man- 

 dible festooned (Eha.mphocorvs). 



/)■'■'. Bill moderate, cutting edges of 



bill normal and not festooned. . Ammouanes. 

 &■». Upper parts mottled with dark 

 centres to the feathers. 

 c^ . Bastard primary larger, not 

 shorter than the culmen ; hind 

 claw longer than the hind toe and 

 very slightly curved, 

 a". Culmen straight; bill very 



Pinch-like Botha. 



. I 



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J. 



