130 CALANDRELLA BRACHYDACTYLA. 



buff pattern extending in a wedge-shape over half the outer feather from 

 across the end to a point near the base of the outer edge ; penultimate 

 feather with half the outer web buff, which colour borders the end. Sides of 

 head with a broad eyebrow, front of the eye and the cheeks buff ; ear- 

 coverts uniform pale brown ; a few dusky markings behind the gape and on 

 the sides of the upper throat. Sides of the upper neck and the under parts 

 generally buffy white ; sides of the lower throat separated from the sides of 

 the neck by a patch of black; crop with faintly marked tawny shaft-stripes 

 and a slight rufous buff shade on the sides ; flank rather more rufous. Iris 

 brown ; bill pale whitish brown, darkest on the culmen ; legs pale yellowish 

 brown. Total length 5-3 and 5-7 inches ; culmen 0-4 ; wing 3'3 and 3'6 ; 

 tail 20 and 2-8; tarsus 0'75 and 080. <? , 27. 12. 67. Zoulla (Blanford). 

 J , 7. 3. 68. Egypt (Shelley). 



Young. Like the adults but with the crown and mantle mottled with 

 sandy white tips to the feathers and subterminal blackish bars ; crop and 

 flanks with a very few obscure dusky spots. 



The common Shorfc-toed Lark inhabits North-east Africa, 

 Southern Europe, and ranges eastward into Turkestan and 

 India. 



This species occurs in North-east Africa during its winter 

 migration, and I fail to trace its range further south than 

 Kordofan. Dr. Blanford found these Larks not rare on the 

 shores of Annesley bay, but never met with them in the 

 highlands, and according to Heuglin they frequent the open 

 country, appearing in North-east Africa early in September, 

 and during the winter collect in enormous flocks in Kordofan, 

 Sennaar and Taka, and migrate again northward in February 

 and March, singly or in scattered parties. With regard to the 

 migration. Dr. A. E. Brehm observed these Larks travelling 

 northward through Upper Egypt from March 17th to 20th, 

 and met with them again at Khartoum on November 13tb, on 

 their return journey, and in tlie following year found them 

 in immense numbers at Kamlin on the Blue Nile, 15° N. lat. 

 on March 3rd and 4th, 1851, starting on their migration down 

 the Nile for their breeding haunts in Europe. 



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