THE KING PENGUIN 291 



in colour, and have longer head plumes, than those from New 

 Zealand or the Falkland Islands. 



Altogether, it is reasonable to conclude that natural selection 

 has been instrumental in forming the family characters, and that 

 sexual selection has been the cause of some of the generic and 

 specific characters, but that there are other generic and specific 

 characters which are not due either to one or the other. At the 

 same time, there is not the least reason for supposing that any 

 of the characters are due to the action of environment. 



It may be added, as an item of general interest, that the name 

 penguin was originally given by Spanish sailors to the short- 

 winged northern auks and divers, owing to the quantity of fat 

 (pinguie) found on them. On the discovery of the Southern 

 Ocean, the name was used for the somewhat similar birds found 

 there. Subsequently, the name was dropped for the northern 

 birds, and was retained for the southern birds only. The French 

 still call the auks pingouin and the penguins they call manchot. 



Key to the Genera, 



1. Lower mandible curved downward. Aptenodytes. 

 Lower mandible straight. '2 



2. A yellow band over the eye. 3 

 No yellow band over the eye. 4 



3. Yellow feathers long, but not passing to back of head. Catarrhactes. 

 Yellow feathers short, passing to back of head. Megadyptes. 



4. Feathers advancing along sides of mandible. Pygoscelis. 

 Feathers not advancing along sides of mandible. Eudyptula. 



Genus Aptenodytes. 



Large Ijircls with the bill long and curved downwards towards 

 the tip. Tail rather short, composed of twenty feathers, which 

 are almost hidden by the upper tail coverts. Tarsi covered with 

 feathers. Antarctic Seas. 



The King Penguin. 



Aptenodytes patagonica. 



Above, bhiisli grey; below, white. A patch of yellow on the sides of 

 the head, continued in a band down each side of the throat, and uniting 

 with one another on the fore part of the neck. Bill, black; the base of 



