te — 
178 DICRURUS LUDWIGI 
which it differs only in its smaller size. It is apparently fairly 
abundant, and evenly distributed over its somewhat limited 
range, and from Mr. Sjéstedt’s observations (Sv. Vet. Ak. 
Handl. 1895, p. 79), I gather, that it resembles the better 
known D. afer as much in its habits as in its plumage. The 
type came from Gaboon, and its most southern range known 
is the Loango Coast, while inland it has been obtained by 
Emin at Irumu, on the Ituri River, in nearly 30° E. long., and 
by Carruthers at Ponthierville on the Upper Congo. 
Dicrurus ludwigi. 
Edolius ludwigii, Smith, 8. Afr. Quart. Journ. 1834, p. 144 Port Natal. 
Dicrurus ludwigii, id. Ill. Zool. S. Afr. Aves, pl. 34 (1839); Sharpe, Cat. 
B. M. iii. p. 233 (1877); Shelley, B. Afr. i. No. 648 (1896) ; Reichen. 
Voég. Afr. ii. p. 652 (1903); Shortridge, Ibis, 1904, p. 190 Pondo- 
land; Erlanger, J. f. O. 1905, p. 704 S. Somali; Davies, J. 8. Afr. 
Ornith. Union, 1907, p. 189, pl. ix. nest. 
Adults in breeding plumage. Black, nearly uniformly glossed with deep 
bluish green, excepting on the throat. Iris red; bill and feet black. Total 
length 7:5 inches, culmen 0:7, wing 4:1, tail 3-7, tarsus 0-65. Durban, ¢, 
20. 11. 74 (T. L. Ayres). 
Adults in autumn plumage. More shaded with grey on the flanks and 
abdomen. Durban, ¢, 13. 4. 74 (Shelley). 
Immature. Body much greyer, especially on the underparts. Iris pale 
brown. Durban, 9, 6. 3. 74 (Shelley). 
Ludwig’s Drongo occurs in Western Africa from the Congo 
to the Cunene River and ranges from eastern Cape Colony 
northward into Somaliland. 
The species is rare in Western Africa, but has been 
obtained at Mayanga (Bohndorff), Pungo Andonga (Mechow) 
and Quissange (Anchieta), and has not been recorded from 
anywhere between the last-named place and Cape Colony. 
Its most southern range known is Pondoland in eastern 
Cape Colony, where Mr. G. C. Shortridge records it as a 
