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XENOPIROSTRIS XENOPIROSTRIS 185 
there is a specimen procured by Crossley in the south-eastern 
district, so that it evidently ranges over the whole of Mada- 
gascar. M. Humblot found the species in the dense forests 
on the eastern slope of the great central mountain range. 
According to M. Grandidier, it lives in parties of eight or ten 
individuals, flies low, is not wild, feeds on insects, small 
reptiles, frogs, &c., and is generally known by the natives as 
the “ Kinkimayo” (grey bird). 
Xenopirostris xenopirostris. 
Vanga xenopirostris, Lafr. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1850, p. 107, pl. 1 
Madagascar. 
Xenopirostris xenopirostris, Gadow, Cat. B. M. viii. p. 110 (1883) ; 
Shelley, B. Afr. i. No. 650 (1896); Sharpe, Handl. B. iv. p. 262 
(1903). 
Xenopirostris lafresnayi, Bp. Consp. Ay. i. p. 366 (1850); Milne Edw. 
and Grand. Hist. Madag. Ois. i. p. 429, pls. 168, 170a, figs. 1, 170n, 
figs. 1, 171 (1885) ; Sibree, Ibis, 1891, p. 440. 
Adult male. Upper half of head, cheeks and chin black, with a green 
gloss ; remainder of upper parts ashy grey, with the exception of a white 
collar ; lower back whitish; quills mostly dark brown; under parts white. 
‘Tris dark brown ; bill and feet pearl-grey ’’ (Grandidier). Total length 9-2 
inches, culmen 0°9, wing 4°9, tail 3-9, tarsus 1:1. 
Lafresnaye’s Vanga inhabits Madagascar. 
M. Grandidier remarks that these birds frequent the south 
of the island, and were only known to him as occurring on 
Cape St. Marie in one of the small woods scattered over the 
arid plateau of that district and from the neighbourhood of 
Tullear. They are, he observes, insectivorous and sluggish in 
their habits, remaining for hours on the upper branches of a 
shrub watching for their prey. They are here called the 
“ Tsilovanga.” 
