230 LANIIDZ 
Young. A bird in the British Museum, obviously not quite adult, shows 
traces of black bars on white over the back, and a good deal more white on 
the secondaries. 
Newton’s Cuckoo Shrike is confined to the Island of Ré- 
union or Bourbon, where it inhabits chiefly the mountain forests 
at elevations from 2,500 ft. to 4,000 ft. ; it is solitary and only 
met with in thick bush, where it can sometimes be seen hop- 
ping and jumping from branch to branch. It has a loud cry 
sounding like “'Ti-tuit”’ which is the name by which it is 
generally known among the creoles, and it feeds chiefly on 
coleoptera and their larva. 
According to Pollen, towhom we are indebted for all our 
information in regard to this species, it renders great service 
in destroying the insects which do so much harm to the 
palm trees (which furnish the colonists with the excellent 
Choux-paimiste) and to other trees of value in the island. 
There are three males and four females in the British 
Museum, all collected by Messrs. Pollen and Van Dam on 
Réunion. 
Family IV. LANIIDA. 
Bill black, brown, white, or pale yellow, with a strong hook and a well- 
developed notch near the end of the upper mandible. _ Wing fairly powerful. 
Tail of 12 feathers. Tarsi strong, with the sides and back bilaminated, and 
like the feet and claws, generally blackish. The young generally differ 
considerably from the adults in their plumage being barred, the narrower 
bars being always blackish and darker than the remainder of the feather. 
On this latter character I have separated as a distinct family the Vangide, 
in which the bars, when present on the immature plumage, are pale and 
generally white, as in the Dicruride. 
The Lanud@ range over Europe, Asia, Africa, and North America, and 
are replaced in the Madagascar subregion by the Vangide and a nearly 
allied genus, Oxynotus. 
KEY TO THE SUBFAMILIES. 
a. Feathers of lower back normal; nostrils at least std con- 
cealed by the frontal bristles . . . . Laniine. 
b. Feathers of lower back soft and fluffy ; nents more free 
from the frontal bristles. . ... =... .. =. . Lamarine. 
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