286 ENNEOCTONUS GUBERNATOR 
white, with some narrow dusky bars, lower throat, front of chest, under 
wing and tail-coverts tinted with rufous. ‘Iris brown; bill and feet ashy 
grey.” Kuterma, ? juvenile, 28. 5,83 (Emin). 
FEmin’s Red-backed Shrike ranges from Lake Chad and the 
hinterland of the Gold Coast Colony to the Upper White Nile. 
It was first described by Hartlaub from four examples sent by 
Hmin Pasha from Langomeri, a place in what is now the 
Nile Province of the Uganda Protectorate, some distance to 
the east of Nimule on the Nile. Emin noticed it in parties of 
four or five individuals, and was struck by the fine note of the 
male, often heard when a party were together on a dead branch 
watching for insects. 
Additional examples were subsequently sent by Emin to 
British Museum from Kuterma and Vassaka, in the Makrata 
country, now in the north-eastern corner of the Congo Free 
State. 
In the hinterland of the Gold Coast Colony it was 
first found by Colonel Northcott, whose example, killed 
January 2, 1899, at Gambaga, is in the British Museum. It 
was subsequently obtained by Alexander at the same place 
on January 18, 1901, and at Sekwi, near by, on May 9 of the 
same year. In October, 1904, Alexander obtained another 
example at Gujiba near Lake Chad, a locality somewhat 
intermediate between the two extreme ends of the range. 
The large outer primary and the rounded wing at once 
distinguish this species from the more migratory H. collurio. 
Reichenow has recently distinguished as a new subspecies 
a Red-backed Shrike, from Kum in the interior of Cameroon, 
obtained by Captain Striimpell. It is characterized by the 
lighter shade of the grey of the head and of the rufous of 
the back and under parts. 
