342 DRYOSCOPUS AFFINIS 
Dryoscopus affinis. 
Hapalophus affinis, G. R. Gray in Charlesworths, Mag. 1837, p. 489, 
Zanzibar. 
Dryoscopus affinis, Gadow, Cat. B. M. viii. p. 141 (1883); Shelley, 
B. Afr. i. No. 738 (1896); Reichen. Vég. Afr. ii. p. 590 (1903) ; 
Erlanger, J. f. O. 1905, p. 699 Kismayw. 
Malaconotus similis (non Smith), Swains. An. in Menag. p. 342 (1838), 
no loc. 
Laniarius orientalis, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 299 (1845) ; Finsch and Hartl. 
Voég. Ost Afr. p. 351, pl. 5, fig. 2 (1870) Zanzibar 2. 
Dryoscopus bojeri, Hartl. J. f. O. 1860, p. 103 Madagascar. 
Dryoscopus leucopsis, Cab. J. f. O. 1868, p. 412 Zanzibar. 
Laniarius salime, Finsch and Hartl. Vég. Ost Afr. p. 349, pl. 5, fig. 3 
(1870) Zanzibar 3. 
Dryoscopus salimz, Bannerman, Ibis, 1910, p. 690 Takaungu. * 
Adult male. Above including the whole of the upper part of the head, 
lores, and region round the eye, also the mantle, wings, upper tail-coverts 
and tail black, more glossy on the head and nape; silky feathers of the 
rump white; shoulders with a certain amount of white, sometimes only 
a few nearly concealed white feathers, sometimes with a well defined line 
of white plainly showing, but no white on the wing-coverts, and only in 
exceptional cases traces of white on the edge of the wing. Below includ- 
ing the inner lining of the quills and the under wing-coverts and axillaries 
white, except the patch of under primary coverts which is dark brown ; 
under side of the outer tail-feathers silvery with a whitish shaft. ‘Iris 
red, bill black, feet blue-grey.” Fischer. Length 6:5 inches, wing 3:25, 
tail 2:5, culmen 0:7, tarsus 0:9. Zanzibar, type (Laugier). 
Adult female. Differs from the male in having a white spot running 
from the nostrils to above the middle of the eye; the rump puff-feathers are 
pearly-grey, not white, and the amount of white on the shoulders varies as 
in the males. Wing 3-0. Manda Island @ (Jackson). 
The Zanzibar Puff-back Shrike is found only along the 
coast-lands of Hast Africa from the Juba River valley south to 
Dar-es-Salaam. 
The history of the bird is a good deal involved owing to 
its variation and to the fact that the type of the species, 
partly owing to its having been at one time mounted, does 
not readily show without careful inspection the characteristic 
white of the shoulders. This character, moreover, is certainly 
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