DRYOSCOPUS CUBLA 351 
hamatus which must, under these circumstances, range as far 
south as the Limpopo. 
We may therefore distinguish two subspecies: Dryoscopus 
cubla cubla ranging from Knysna to Zululand and north to the 
Limpopo, type locality Knysna. Dryoscopus cubla hamatus 
from the Limpopo north to northern Angola and British East 
Africa, type locality Kazeh in Unyamwesi, German East 
Africa, where it was procured by Speke. The species was 
first discovered and named by Levaillant in the forests of 
the Knysna, and it was on his description that Shaw’s name 
was founded. 
In Benguella the Cubla was found by Anchieta in nearly 
every district south of the Quanza River, and he gives a variety 
of native names by which it is known in different localities. 
In Damaraland it is rare; Andersson writes: “I have found 
this Shrike very sparingly in Damaraland, where I met with it 
first at Okamebute and then northward as far as the Okavango ; 
but I nowhere found it common. The few I saw were either 
singly or in pairs, perching on the larger trees and hunting on 
the branches with great assiduity for larve and _ insects, 
especially beetles and ants. The note is harsh and loud. It 
is sometimes in the habit of elevating the lax feathers on 
the lower back, which, when properly expanded, almost encircle 
the bird; this appears to occur under the influence of amorous 
emotions and also when the bird is aroused by fear or 
curiosity.” Birds in this attitude are well represented in the 
figures given by Stark and Sclater. 
In Cape Colony the Cubla is common from Knysna 
eastwards in the more wooded districts to Natal, where it is 
known to the English as the “Snowball Shrike” and to the 
Zulus as the “ Umhlopekasi,” and where it has been collected 
by Mr. Ayres and many others. 
Mr. Ayres also found the species in the bush - covered 
mountains of Rustenburg in the Transvaal. 
