364 TSCHAGRA SENEGALA 
bill black ; tarsi and feet pale grey’ (G. Marshall). Total length 9:0 inches, 
culmen 0°85, wing 3-4, tail 4:4, tarsus 1:1. Gambia (Moloney). 
Nestling. Closely resembling the adult with a black crown; bill grey- 
brown, irides and feet pale grey. Gazaland (Swynnerton). 
The Black-headed Tschagra is found throughout the 
greater part of Africa from Senegal, Uganda and British 
East Africa to Cape Colony. It is represented in North- 
east Africa, North Africa from Morocco to Tunis and in 
Arabia by very closely allied species which would perhaps 
be more properly considered as subspecies. 
Linnaeus’s description of the present species was based 
wholly on one of Brisson’s, whose type specimen was sent by 
Adamson from Senegal to Reamur in Paris, and Senegal is 
therefore the typical locality. 
Recently Neumann has attempted to separate the present 
form into a number of subspecies. I have been able to 
examine a very large series in the British Museum and 
find that although there is a good deal of variation in 
the colour shade of the back and mantle and also in the 
superciliary stripe it is by no means constant even in 
a series from the same locality, and I am inclined to agree 
with Hartert and Reichenow and to regard this as a single 
wide-ranging form, though for convenience of reference 
I give here a list of the subspecies recognized by Neumann. 
T’. s. senegala—Type locality Senegal; distribution 
Senegal to Liberia; superciliary stripe pale yellow; yellowish- 
brown above, nearly white below. 
T. s. pallida—Type locality Accra, Gold Coast Colony ; 
distribution Gold Coast, Togoland and Southern and Northern 
Nigeria ; above paler almost ashy-grey ; below more grey. 
T'. s. camerunensis—Type locality Jaunde, Camaroon; dis- 
tribution Camaroon and Gaboon ; darker reddish above, darker 
than pallida below ; superciliary stripe richer yellow. 
